1 After Vi
He danced happily.
2. Before Vt + O.
He happily did the home work.
He did the home work happily.
3. for vi + prep. + O ( three places)
He happily looked at his son.
He looked happily at his son.
He looked at his son happily.
2012年1月2日 星期一
on the phone ( 現在式& 過去式) over the phone 過去式 only
"Over the phone" is used more in the past tense. It's rarely used in the present.
"I was talking with Bob over the phone" (On the phone is still correct)
"I'm on the phone, shut up!" ("I'm over the phone" is incorrect)
"I'll be talking with Bob on the phone tomorrow." (Over the phone here is also correct, but I don't hear it often)
"I was talking with Bob over the phone" (On the phone is still correct)
"I'm on the phone, shut up!" ("I'm over the phone" is incorrect)
"I'll be talking with Bob on the phone tomorrow." (Over the phone here is also correct, but I don't hear it often)
2011年12月5日 星期一
動詞片語+ V-ING動名詞
Be good at - Dad is good at cooking.
be poor at
be afraid of
be tired of
talk about
worry about- James worries about taking tests.
be poor at
be afraid of
be tired of
talk about
worry about- James worries about taking tests.
2011年11月23日 星期三
Tell Me When ? ( 國中資優教材)
P6.
vinyl
KK [ˋvaɪnɪl] DJ [ˋvainil]
【化】乙烯基
chloride
KK [ˋklɔraɪd] DJ [ˋklɔ:raid]
【化】氯化物[U][C]
變化形 名複chlorides
styrene
KK [ˋstaɪrin] DJ [ˋstairi:n]
1. 【化】苯乙烯
acrylics
KK [əˋkrɪlɪks] DJ [əˋkriliks]
丙烯畫
celluloid
KK [ˋsɛljə͵lɔɪd] DJ [ˋselju͵lɔid]
Substitute ( a , n , v)
替代; 作代替者[(+for/as)]
Only art can substitute for nature. 唯有藝術能代替自然。
He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我們的英語教師。
malleable
KK [ˋmælɪəb!] DJ [ˋmæliəbəl]
1. 展延性的
synthetic
KK [sɪnˋθɛtɪk] DJ [sinˋθetik]
1. 綜合(性)的
P.92
mirage
KK [məˋrɑʒ] DJ [miˋrɑ:ʒ]
1. 海市蜃樓
vinyl
KK [ˋvaɪnɪl] DJ [ˋvainil]
【化】乙烯基
chloride
KK [ˋklɔraɪd] DJ [ˋklɔ:raid]
【化】氯化物[U][C]
變化形 名複chlorides
styrene
KK [ˋstaɪrin] DJ [ˋstairi:n]
1. 【化】苯乙烯
acrylics
KK [əˋkrɪlɪks] DJ [əˋkriliks]
丙烯畫
celluloid
KK [ˋsɛljə͵lɔɪd] DJ [ˋselju͵lɔid]
Substitute ( a , n , v)
替代; 作代替者[(+for/as)]
Only art can substitute for nature. 唯有藝術能代替自然。
He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我們的英語教師。
malleable
KK [ˋmælɪəb!] DJ [ˋmæliəbəl]
1. 展延性的
synthetic
KK [sɪnˋθɛtɪk] DJ [sinˋθetik]
1. 綜合(性)的
P.92
mirage
KK [məˋrɑʒ] DJ [miˋrɑ:ʒ]
1. 海市蜃樓
2011年11月16日 星期三
Whom , for whom 的用法
http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=607692
Who did you buy it for? is what most people would say and is standard English.
Whom did you buy it for? is the formal way of saying it.
To understand who and whom, you only need to remember a simple rule: if whom is alone, that typically means that a preposition is implied: "for" whom.
Prepositions come before whom most of the time.
of whom
for whom
to whom
by whom
of whom is calling.. yada yada..
To satisfy my own curiosity, I used on-line versions of A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist to find out exactly what Dickens did.
At no time did he ever split "whom" from a preposition. This simply supports the opinion that you and I seem to share: In formal register, if "whom" must be used, it is safest to "go all the way". Don't separate "whom" from it's preposition.
Use: For whom did you buy it?
In relaxed conversation, any of these might be heard from well-educated people:
1) For whom did you buy it?
2) Whom did you buy it for?
3) Who did you buy it for?
My personal preference is to use either one or three. I would save one for formal writing.
I think this is fairly common in AE.
In BE I believe that two also happens surprisingly often in relaxed situations. I hope we will get more feedback from other members on the other side of The Pond.
Gaer
Curious - I haven't analysed whom-use in this much detail before and I am rather suspect I'm now going to appear inconsistent.
I would never use something like (2).
I would normally say (3) - there is something strange about starting a sentence with whom.
I might say (1) if feeling whimsical.
I don't use direct speech in writing - well, very seldom. But even then I can't imagine using (2).
Maybe I need to wander off for another think about this.
Last edited by panjandrum; 10th August 2007 at 07:54 PM.
I think this is because you instinctively sense that (2) is "neither fish nor fowl".
Here is part of it, I perhaps:
"You are the only person with whom I've shared these personal feelings."
I might say that to someone very close because it's rather intense. There is nothing informal about the thought.
But I think even there I would be more likely to say:
"You are the only person I've shared these personal feelings with."
This structure is by no means rare in the writing of people from the 1800s, and that was the point of the Dicken's sentence I mentioned in the "Help with prepositions - Up with which I will not put?" thread:
Dickens: The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point I started from.
Now, if Dickens' had used "which", then he would have flipped to the other structure:
Not Dickens: The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point from which I started.
These are simply to different ways of using English, and my instinct tells me that one is influenced by Latin (forced by grammarians), but the other is just as correct and perhaps predates the other.
So when you use the "who omitting" phrase:
"You are the only person I've shared these personal feelings with."
I think you instinctively use "who" if you add it without changing the structure:
"You are the only person who I've shared these personal feelings with."
This is why I think that it sounds "forced" to use "whom" when the preposition goes to the end. It's just a theory, but it seems to match with what I heard and see on both sides of The Pond.
Gaer
She is a teacher than whom no one is more patient. ＝ She is a teacher whom (who) no one is more patient than. 只是把介系詞than在附屬子句（形容詞子句當修飾語）前後移動而已，不影響句子的意思和文法。
類以的句子還有：
I wonder to whom he's talking. = I wonder who (whom) he's talking to.
I don't know to whom to give it. = I don't know who (whom) to give it to.
To whom did you give it? = Whom (who) did you give it to?
To whom did the detective show his badge? = Who (whom) did the detective show his badge to?
Who did you buy it for? is what most people would say and is standard English.
Whom did you buy it for? is the formal way of saying it.
To understand who and whom, you only need to remember a simple rule: if whom is alone, that typically means that a preposition is implied: "for" whom.
Prepositions come before whom most of the time.
of whom
for whom
to whom
by whom
of whom is calling.. yada yada..
To satisfy my own curiosity, I used on-line versions of A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist to find out exactly what Dickens did.
At no time did he ever split "whom" from a preposition. This simply supports the opinion that you and I seem to share: In formal register, if "whom" must be used, it is safest to "go all the way". Don't separate "whom" from it's preposition.
Use: For whom did you buy it?
In relaxed conversation, any of these might be heard from well-educated people:
1) For whom did you buy it?
2) Whom did you buy it for?
3) Who did you buy it for?
My personal preference is to use either one or three. I would save one for formal writing.
I think this is fairly common in AE.
In BE I believe that two also happens surprisingly often in relaxed situations. I hope we will get more feedback from other members on the other side of The Pond.
Gaer
Curious - I haven't analysed whom-use in this much detail before and I am rather suspect I'm now going to appear inconsistent.
I would never use something like (2).
I would normally say (3) - there is something strange about starting a sentence with whom.
I might say (1) if feeling whimsical.
I don't use direct speech in writing - well, very seldom. But even then I can't imagine using (2).
Maybe I need to wander off for another think about this.
Last edited by panjandrum; 10th August 2007 at 07:54 PM.
I think this is because you instinctively sense that (2) is "neither fish nor fowl".
Here is part of it, I perhaps:
"You are the only person with whom I've shared these personal feelings."
I might say that to someone very close because it's rather intense. There is nothing informal about the thought.
But I think even there I would be more likely to say:
"You are the only person I've shared these personal feelings with."
This structure is by no means rare in the writing of people from the 1800s, and that was the point of the Dicken's sentence I mentioned in the "Help with prepositions - Up with which I will not put?" thread:
Dickens: The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point I started from.
Now, if Dickens' had used "which", then he would have flipped to the other structure:
Not Dickens: The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point from which I started.
These are simply to different ways of using English, and my instinct tells me that one is influenced by Latin (forced by grammarians), but the other is just as correct and perhaps predates the other.
So when you use the "who omitting" phrase:
"You are the only person I've shared these personal feelings with."
I think you instinctively use "who" if you add it without changing the structure:
"You are the only person who I've shared these personal feelings with."
This is why I think that it sounds "forced" to use "whom" when the preposition goes to the end. It's just a theory, but it seems to match with what I heard and see on both sides of The Pond.
Gaer
She is a teacher than whom no one is more patient. ＝ She is a teacher whom (who) no one is more patient than. 只是把介系詞than在附屬子句（形容詞子句當修飾語）前後移動而已，不影響句子的意思和文法。
類以的句子還有：
I wonder to whom he's talking. = I wonder who (whom) he's talking to.
I don't know to whom to give it. = I don't know who (whom) to give it to.
To whom did you give it? = Whom (who) did you give it to?
To whom did the detective show his badge? = Who (whom) did the detective show his badge to?
2011年10月29日 星期六
Begin & start 的用法
基本上start 和begin 意義及用法相同. 兩者都可以接不定詞或動名詞:
They will start working on the project soon.
Let’s begin reading the book.
但start 比較強調啟始 ,啟動的概念; begin指比較自然, 順理成章的開始. 下列四句是start 和begin較合宜的用法. 但若把句中start 換成begin或begin換成start意義差別不大:
The play begins at eight o'clock.
I began to understand the whole thing.
Next week I'll start to learn English
He started to talk after a cup of coffee.
雖說在當代英語中, start 和begin 意義及用法有漸趨一致的傾向. 但下列各句中的start則決對不能用begin置換:
We will stay on the platform until the train starts. (開動)
John’s father started the company. (創始)
I could not start my car this morning. (發動)
Push the green button to start the machine. (啟動)
They will start working on the project soon.
Let’s begin reading the book.
但start 比較強調啟始 ,啟動的概念; begin指比較自然, 順理成章的開始. 下列四句是start 和begin較合宜的用法. 但若把句中start 換成begin或begin換成start意義差別不大:
The play begins at eight o'clock.
I began to understand the whole thing.
Next week I'll start to learn English
He started to talk after a cup of coffee.
雖說在當代英語中, start 和begin 意義及用法有漸趨一致的傾向. 但下列各句中的start則決對不能用begin置換:
We will stay on the platform until the train starts. (開動)
John’s father started the company. (創始)
I could not start my car this morning. (發動)
Push the green button to start the machine. (啟動)
2011年10月7日 星期五
大坪頂 Louise & Vivian - Every day Idioms
Writer: CaseryMalarcher
Book name: Illustrated Every day Idioms with stories
Book name: Illustrated Every day Idioms with stories
2011年9月28日 星期三
on weekends, at weekends, at the weekend
Posted: Thursday, February 10, 2011 11:50:20 AM
Rank: Advanced Member
Joined: 7/25/2010
Posts: 2,248
Points: 6,729
Location: Greece - again
srkdr68 wrote:
I usually visit my friends 'at weekends' or `on weekends'.Which is correct?
"at weekends" is BE and "on weekends" is AE. Both are correct, just depends on your audience or which you usually use.
Edit: I would rather say "at the weekend" too.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Ignorant men don't know what good they hold in their hands until they've flung it away." - Sophocles
Back to top
Rank: Advanced Member
Joined: 7/25/2010
Posts: 2,248
Points: 6,729
Location: Greece - again
srkdr68 wrote:
I usually visit my friends 'at weekends' or `on weekends'.Which is correct?
"at weekends" is BE and "on weekends" is AE. Both are correct, just depends on your audience or which you usually use.
Edit: I would rather say "at the weekend" too.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Ignorant men don't know what good they hold in their hands until they've flung it away." - Sophocles
Back to top
2011年8月2日 星期二
that 用法 & 考題
下列 五 種情形 一定要用 that
1) who , which 開頭的問句
2) the first, the scond ...the last
3) 先行詞是 人 和 動物 或 物 品
4) the adj. 最高級 ... that
5) the only, all, no, every, very , same + noun + that
1. Who is the woman that you met yesterday?
2. He is the last person that I want to see now.
3. The boy and the dog that play in the park every day seem to get along well.
4. He is the only one that can answer this question.
5. I still remember every thing that my father told me.
The is the same PDA that I lost yesterday.
There's just no one that gets me like you do. 再也沒人像你這樣懂我
…the first/ second/…..
… the+ adj.-est….
…. The very/ same/ last /only… all/no/ every/ any
Who/ which/ what +v
以上結構 + n + that ….
1. Helen is th most talented singer that I have eer seen.
2. He is the only one that can answer the question.
During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum that Cindy recommended
It is generally believed that human beings are the only crater that can speak
and think.
This is the same PDA that I lost yesterday.
All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的不都是金子。
考題:
1. He is the richest man ___ I know.
2. I have the same trouble ___ you have.
3. Who is the woman _____ you met yesterday?
4. He is the last person _____ I want to see now.
5. The boy and the dog _____ play in the park every day seem to get along well.
6. He is the only one ______ can answer this question.
7. I still remember every thing _____ my father told me.
8. The is the same PDA ______ I lost yesterday.
9. There's just no one that gets me like you do.
10. Helen is th most talented singer _____ I have eer seen.
11. He is the only one ____ can answer the question.
12. During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum _____ Cindy recommended
13. It is generally believed that human beings are the only creatre ____ can speak and think.
14. This is the same PDA _____I lost yesterday.
1) who , which 開頭的問句
2) the first, the scond ...the last
3) 先行詞是 人 和 動物 或 物 品
4) the adj. 最高級 ... that
5) the only, all, no, every, very , same + noun + that
1. Who is the woman that you met yesterday?
2. He is the last person that I want to see now.
3. The boy and the dog that play in the park every day seem to get along well.
4. He is the only one that can answer this question.
5. I still remember every thing that my father told me.
The is the same PDA that I lost yesterday.
There's just no one that gets me like you do. 再也沒人像你這樣懂我
…the first/ second/…..
… the+ adj.-est….
…. The very/ same/ last /only… all/no/ every/ any
Who/ which/ what +v
以上結構 + n + that ….
1. Helen is th most talented singer that I have eer seen.
2. He is the only one that can answer the question.
During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum that Cindy recommended
It is generally believed that human beings are the only crater that can speak
and think.
This is the same PDA that I lost yesterday.
All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的不都是金子。
考題:
1. He is the richest man ___ I know.
2. I have the same trouble ___ you have.
3. Who is the woman _____ you met yesterday?
4. He is the last person _____ I want to see now.
5. The boy and the dog _____ play in the park every day seem to get along well.
6. He is the only one ______ can answer this question.
7. I still remember every thing _____ my father told me.
8. The is the same PDA ______ I lost yesterday.
9. There's just no one that gets me like you do.
10. Helen is th most talented singer _____ I have eer seen.
11. He is the only one ____ can answer the question.
12. During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum _____ Cindy recommended
13. It is generally believed that human beings are the only creatre ____ can speak and think.
14. This is the same PDA _____I lost yesterday.
給 Tina 的 考題
A& B 的對話, 請完成
A: Most of the teachers who work at my school are very unhappy.
B: What’s the reason ____ their unhappiness?
A: They are unhappy with working conditions.
B: Is there any solution ____ to this problem?
A: Well, they are making demands ___ better working conditions.
B: What are they asking ______ ?
A: They want a decrease ____ the hours they work.
B: That seems fair. Do they want anything else?
A: They also want a rise ____ pay.
B: Do you think they’ll get what they want?
A: If they don’t there may be some effect ____ the teaching at the school.
B: More people should be told about the teacher’s problems.
A: Well, there is going to be a news report about it _____ television tonight.
B: Are any of the teachers going to appear on the news ?
A: Yes, they are going to give an explanation ____ their feelings.
B: That’s good. There will probably be reports ____ the newspapers too,
then everyone will understand the problem.
介係詞和名詞
1) 不同名詞之後需要不同的介系詞
an effect / an influence on
a reason / a need/ a demand for
an increase/ a decrease /a rise /a fall in
a key / an answer/ a solution/ a reaction to
an example/ an explanation/ a cause of
a book/ a painting by
2) 有的名詞習慣跟在特定介系詞之後
Go for a walk/ a run / a meal
On the television/ on the radio
In a magazine/ book/ newspaper
By accident/ by mistake
By bus/ car/ taxi/ train/ plane/ ship
1. I don’t agree ___ hitting children. I think it is wrong.
2. Everyone _____ the couple _____ their new baby.
3. No-one ____ Carol’s jokes. She is not very funny.
4. My father _____ the weather ____ his bad health.
5. Every night I dream ____ being rich and famous.
6. I don’t believe ____ luck, just hard work.
7. My paretns tried to stop me _____ becoming an actor.
8. The song reminds me ____ a holiday I had in Japan.
9. Don’t listen ____ him. He’s a liar.
10. Never borrow a lot of money _____ your friends.
11. I always laugh ___ funny films.
帶介係詞的動詞
1. 不同的動詞之後需要不同的介系詞
Listen to
Apologize for
Believe in
Laugh at
Dream of/ about
Agree with
2. 有的動詞要先接受詞 再接介系詞
Borrow 某物 from 某人
Congratulate 某人 on 某事
Explain 某事 to 某人
Blame 某人 for 某事
Remind 某人 about 某事
Remind 某人 of 某事
Stop/ prevent 某事/某人 from V-ing
1. Your English will be much better than me if you never give up your English.
==> Your English will be much better than me if you never .
2. There's trash everywhere. Let's pick up all the trash.
==> There's trash everywhere. Let's .
3. It's 6:30 now. You can wake up the two children, or they'll be late for school.
==> It's 6:30 now. You can , or they'll be late for school.
4. It's cold today. Don't take off your jacket and sweater, or you will perhaps catch a cold.
==> It's cold today. Don't , or you will perhaps catch a cold.
5. Would you please put down the books in your hands and come to help me?
==> Would you please in your hands and come to help me?
想想看二：請將下列各句，翻譯成英文。[ 核對答案 ]
1. 請把水關掉。
2. 是誰把它們拿走的？
3. 最後，Martin 先生在公園的一棵樹下找到他兒子腳踏車。
4. 我需要桌燈，請幫我把它打開。（有兩句）
5. 她不懂這個字，所以要我用字典查一下。
*****
動詞片語 Quiz
Find it out：找到 get it back：取回 ,give it up：放棄
look it up：查閱 ,pick it up：檢起來 ,put it down：放下
put it on：穿（戴）上 ,take it away：拿開；拿走
take it off：脫掉 , turn it on：開（開關）,turn it off：關（開關）
wake him up：叫醒
1. Don’t forget to bring a coke Sue.
2. You can get the Internet and find useful information you need.
3. Thank you your help. I can go on vacation tomorrow.
4. We should wait them before we go home.
5. Parents usually care their children.
6. The house belongs that woman over there.
7. You have to fill the bottle water, not oil.
8. Everyone dreams traveling around the world.
9. Please call me when you arrive Taichung.
10. Finally, he lent some money the poor man.
11. The dog often barks the children, so they are afraid of it.
12. After finishing the work, I'll take a plane and leave America.
13. Mary can't play well so the boys laugh her.
14. Get the train quickly. It'll leave in ten minutes.
15. Would you please help me to look my key? I can't remember where I put it.
16. Look the picture carefully. Where are the two cats? Can you find them?
17. When the policeman arrived, he looked the house everywhere first, and
then he asked Mr.Jason many questions.
18. I borrowed some books the school library because I want to read them on
the weekend.
19. Have you prepared the test tomorrow?
20. Father likes to take us the mountains on holidays.
21. The only way to learn English well is not to give easily.
22. Stop knocking the table. This is a library. You should keep quiet.
23. I always look my sister when my mom is not at home.
24. I like to listen music when I'm free.
25. You can take your coat. The weather is getting warmer.
26. I can't see clearly, so I have to put my glasses.
27. Mon asks me to take an umbrella me because it looks like rain.
28. It’s a good habit to turn ____ the lights before you go to bed.
29. Mary usually sends a card her mother on Mother's Day.
30. The Chen family moved Taoyuan last month.
31. Yesterday, when a dog tried to attack (攻擊) Ben, he picked a stone and
threw at it.
整理：雙賓動詞配合的介係詞
練習三、依提示完成句子
例：a letter, my sister / I wrote…last week.
＝ I wrote my sister a letter last week. ＝ I wrote a letter to my sister last week.
1. some money, Jessica / He lent…last month
＝
＝
2. a package, your parents / Please send…soon
＝
＝
3. the class, a joke / The teacher told…today.
＝
＝
A: Most of the teachers who work at my school are very unhappy.
B: What’s the reason ____ their unhappiness?
A: They are unhappy with working conditions.
B: Is there any solution ____ to this problem?
A: Well, they are making demands ___ better working conditions.
B: What are they asking ______ ?
A: They want a decrease ____ the hours they work.
B: That seems fair. Do they want anything else?
A: They also want a rise ____ pay.
B: Do you think they’ll get what they want?
A: If they don’t there may be some effect ____ the teaching at the school.
B: More people should be told about the teacher’s problems.
A: Well, there is going to be a news report about it _____ television tonight.
B: Are any of the teachers going to appear on the news ?
A: Yes, they are going to give an explanation ____ their feelings.
B: That’s good. There will probably be reports ____ the newspapers too,
then everyone will understand the problem.
介係詞和名詞
1) 不同名詞之後需要不同的介系詞
an effect / an influence on
a reason / a need/ a demand for
an increase/ a decrease /a rise /a fall in
a key / an answer/ a solution/ a reaction to
an example/ an explanation/ a cause of
a book/ a painting by
2) 有的名詞習慣跟在特定介系詞之後
Go for a walk/ a run / a meal
On the television/ on the radio
In a magazine/ book/ newspaper
By accident/ by mistake
By bus/ car/ taxi/ train/ plane/ ship
1. I don’t agree ___ hitting children. I think it is wrong.
2. Everyone _____ the couple _____ their new baby.
3. No-one ____ Carol’s jokes. She is not very funny.
4. My father _____ the weather ____ his bad health.
5. Every night I dream ____ being rich and famous.
6. I don’t believe ____ luck, just hard work.
7. My paretns tried to stop me _____ becoming an actor.
8. The song reminds me ____ a holiday I had in Japan.
9. Don’t listen ____ him. He’s a liar.
10. Never borrow a lot of money _____ your friends.
11. I always laugh ___ funny films.
帶介係詞的動詞
1. 不同的動詞之後需要不同的介系詞
Listen to
Apologize for
Believe in
Laugh at
Dream of/ about
Agree with
2. 有的動詞要先接受詞 再接介系詞
Borrow 某物 from 某人
Congratulate 某人 on 某事
Explain 某事 to 某人
Blame 某人 for 某事
Remind 某人 about 某事
Remind 某人 of 某事
Stop/ prevent 某事/某人 from V-ing
1. Your English will be much better than me if you never give up your English.
==> Your English will be much better than me if you never .
2. There's trash everywhere. Let's pick up all the trash.
==> There's trash everywhere. Let's .
3. It's 6:30 now. You can wake up the two children, or they'll be late for school.
==> It's 6:30 now. You can , or they'll be late for school.
4. It's cold today. Don't take off your jacket and sweater, or you will perhaps catch a cold.
==> It's cold today. Don't , or you will perhaps catch a cold.
5. Would you please put down the books in your hands and come to help me?
==> Would you please in your hands and come to help me?
想想看二：請將下列各句，翻譯成英文。[ 核對答案 ]
1. 請把水關掉。
2. 是誰把它們拿走的？
3. 最後，Martin 先生在公園的一棵樹下找到他兒子腳踏車。
4. 我需要桌燈，請幫我把它打開。（有兩句）
5. 她不懂這個字，所以要我用字典查一下。
*****
動詞片語 Quiz
Find it out：找到 get it back：取回 ,give it up：放棄
look it up：查閱 ,pick it up：檢起來 ,put it down：放下
put it on：穿（戴）上 ,take it away：拿開；拿走
take it off：脫掉 , turn it on：開（開關）,turn it off：關（開關）
wake him up：叫醒
1. Don’t forget to bring a coke Sue.
2. You can get the Internet and find useful information you need.
3. Thank you your help. I can go on vacation tomorrow.
4. We should wait them before we go home.
5. Parents usually care their children.
6. The house belongs that woman over there.
7. You have to fill the bottle water, not oil.
8. Everyone dreams traveling around the world.
9. Please call me when you arrive Taichung.
10. Finally, he lent some money the poor man.
11. The dog often barks the children, so they are afraid of it.
12. After finishing the work, I'll take a plane and leave America.
13. Mary can't play well so the boys laugh her.
14. Get the train quickly. It'll leave in ten minutes.
15. Would you please help me to look my key? I can't remember where I put it.
16. Look the picture carefully. Where are the two cats? Can you find them?
17. When the policeman arrived, he looked the house everywhere first, and
then he asked Mr.Jason many questions.
18. I borrowed some books the school library because I want to read them on
the weekend.
19. Have you prepared the test tomorrow?
20. Father likes to take us the mountains on holidays.
21. The only way to learn English well is not to give easily.
22. Stop knocking the table. This is a library. You should keep quiet.
23. I always look my sister when my mom is not at home.
24. I like to listen music when I'm free.
25. You can take your coat. The weather is getting warmer.
26. I can't see clearly, so I have to put my glasses.
27. Mon asks me to take an umbrella me because it looks like rain.
28. It’s a good habit to turn ____ the lights before you go to bed.
29. Mary usually sends a card her mother on Mother's Day.
30. The Chen family moved Taoyuan last month.
31. Yesterday, when a dog tried to attack (攻擊) Ben, he picked a stone and
threw at it.
整理：雙賓動詞配合的介係詞
練習三、依提示完成句子
例：a letter, my sister / I wrote…last week.
＝ I wrote my sister a letter last week. ＝ I wrote a letter to my sister last week.
1. some money, Jessica / He lent…last month
＝
＝
2. a package, your parents / Please send…soon
＝
＝
3. the class, a joke / The teacher told…today.
＝
＝
2011年3月25日 星期五
雙賓動詞
整理：雙賓動詞配合的介係詞
read send give
bring tell lend
teach write
（受）物
to
受（人）
buy make get
cook for
ask of
練習三、依提示完成句子
例：a letter, my sister / I wrote…last week.
＝ I wrote my sister a letter last week. ＝ I wrote a letter to my sister last week.
1. some money, Jessica / He lent…last month
＝
＝
2. a package, your parents / Please send…soon
＝
＝
3. the class, a joke / The teacher told…today.
＝
＝
練習四、單選題
1.（ ）Mom, will you read me a bedtime story tonight?
（A）to （B）× （C）for （D）of
2.（ ）He never asks a question his dad.
（A）to （B）× （C）for （D）of
概念三、副詞的表較級
副詞的比較級 ： 句型同形容詞比較級
例1.：He is slower than she. （原級slow 比較級slower）
He runs more slowly than she does. （原級slowly 比較級 more slowly）
例2.：You are more beautiful than me. （原級beautiful 比較級 more beautiful）
You dance more beautifully than I do.（原級beautifully 比較級 more beautifully）
加強語氣修飾：much、even
不規則變化
副詞原級 副詞 副詞最高級
well 好地 better best
badly壞地；拙劣地；很
much 多地
little 少地 less
練習五、填入正確的詞性
1. Sammy is doing his homework （careful）than Bob.
2. Gina works （hard）than I do.
3. He ate （much）than Jim did.
4. Paul’s apartment is （neat）than mine.
5. A motorcycle is （dangerous）than a bicycle.
6. He walks （slowly）than I do.
練習六、單選題
1.（ ）John knows it than Mary does.
（A）well （B）much better （C）more better
2. （ ）He got up today than yesterday.
（A）early （B）more early （C）earlier
read send give
bring tell lend
teach write
（受）物
to
受（人）
buy make get
cook for
ask of
練習三、依提示完成句子
例：a letter, my sister / I wrote…last week.
＝ I wrote my sister a letter last week. ＝ I wrote a letter to my sister last week.
1. some money, Jessica / He lent…last month
＝
＝
2. a package, your parents / Please send…soon
＝
＝
3. the class, a joke / The teacher told…today.
＝
＝
練習四、單選題
1.（ ）Mom, will you read me a bedtime story tonight?
（A）to （B）× （C）for （D）of
2.（ ）He never asks a question his dad.
（A）to （B）× （C）for （D）of
概念三、副詞的表較級
副詞的比較級 ： 句型同形容詞比較級
例1.：He is slower than she. （原級slow 比較級slower）
He runs more slowly than she does. （原級slowly 比較級 more slowly）
例2.：You are more beautiful than me. （原級beautiful 比較級 more beautiful）
You dance more beautifully than I do.（原級beautifully 比較級 more beautifully）
加強語氣修飾：much、even
不規則變化
副詞原級 副詞 副詞最高級
well 好地 better best
badly壞地；拙劣地；很
much 多地
little 少地 less
練習五、填入正確的詞性
1. Sammy is doing his homework （careful）than Bob.
2. Gina works （hard）than I do.
3. He ate （much）than Jim did.
4. Paul’s apartment is （neat）than mine.
5. A motorcycle is （dangerous）than a bicycle.
6. He walks （slowly）than I do.
練習六、單選題
1.（ ）John knows it than Mary does.
（A）well （B）much better （C）more better
2. （ ）He got up today than yesterday.
（A）early （B）more early （C）earlier
容易搞混的句型
單學使役動詞時沒有問題，但是學生並沒有真正了解下列動詞句型的差異，因此往往不知道受詞之後該接原形動詞、to Vr、Ving還是過去分詞(PP.)。
(1) 使役動詞
let / have / make +受詞(行使動作者)
+原形動詞
(2) help +受詞 + (to) Vr
(3) ask / need / want / + 受詞 + to Vr
(4) 感官動詞see / hear / watch +
受詞(行使動作者)
+原形動詞或Ving
(5) 使役動詞let / have / make +
受詞(接受動作者) + PP.
(6) 感官動詞see / hear / watch +
受詞(接受動作者) + PP.
(1) 使役動詞
let / have / make +受詞(行使動作者)
+原形動詞
(2) help +受詞 + (to) Vr
(3) ask / need / want / + 受詞 + to Vr
(4) 感官動詞see / hear / watch +
受詞(行使動作者)
+原形動詞或Ving
(5) 使役動詞let / have / make +
受詞(接受動作者) + PP.
(6) 感官動詞see / hear / watch +
受詞(接受動作者) + PP.
2011年3月18日 星期五
兩字動詞 & 考題
http://tsw.hhups.tp.edu.tw/abc/phrase/
標題句：Please turn on the TV.
Please turn it on.
She turned the TV on.
結 構：可分兩字動詞
到目前為止，我們所學者絕大部分為單字形的動詞，如 study, sleep, write, play 等等，但有些動詞的意思表達，是要以片語的形式，如 ask for, come back, go back, , cry out, get to, get on, get off, get up, grow up, hear from, listen to, look around, look at, look down, look for, run after, shut up, sit down, stand up, wait for 等等，和單字形的動詞使用習慣一樣，以上這些兩字形動詞，其實也不會造成我們在使用上的困難。
但有些兩個字所組成的動詞片語（稱為「兩字動詞」則不同，先看底下的例句：
e.g. 1. Please wake up your sister at seven o'clock.
2. Please wake your sister up at seven o'clock.
3. Please wake me up at seven o'clock.
例句 3 顯然和其他兩個例句不同，也就是說，當兩字動詞片語的受詞是名詞時，則該受詞的位置有兩個，放在兩字動詞片語的中間或後面均可，這樣的情形對我們來說，不會造成學習上的困難，反正兩個位置都對；但若受詞是「人稱代名詞」時，則只能夠放在兩字動詞片語的中間。這種特殊的用法，國中階段常用的有：
find out：找到
get back：取回
give up：放棄
look up：查閱
pick up：檢起來
put down：放下
put on：穿（戴）上
take away：拿開；拿走
take off：脫掉
turn on：開（開關）
turn off：關（開關）
wake up：叫醒
記憶方法：這種兩字動詞片語最惱人者，莫過於常背錯，若你仍未找到適當的方法，在此依經驗提供一個有效的方法，即在上述的兩字動詞中間，均加上 it 而後一起背，應會達到不錯的效果，如：
find it out give it up look it up pick it up put it down put it on turn it on/off wake it up
想想看一：請將下列各句中劃線部分改為「人稱代名詞」，並填入空格中。[ 核對答案 ]
1. Your English will be much better than me if you never give up your English.
==> Your English will be much better than me if you never .
2. There's trash everywhere. Let's pick up all the trash.
==> There's trash everywhere. Let's .
3. It's 6:30 now. You can wake up the two children, or they'll be late for school.
==> It's 6:30 now. You can , or they'll be late for school.
4. It's cold today. Don't take off your jacket and sweater, or you will perhaps catch a cold.
==> It's cold today. Don't , or you will perhaps catch a cold.
5. Would you please put down the books in your hands and come to help me?
==> Would you please in your hands and come to help me?
想想看二：請將下列各句，翻譯成英文。[ 核對答案 ]
1. 請把水關掉。
2. 是誰把它們拿走的？
3. 最後，Martin 先生在公園的一棵樹下找到他兒子腳踏車。
4. 我需要桌燈，請幫我把它打開。（有兩句）
5. 她不懂這個字，所以要我用字典查一下。
http://www.classzone.com/books/lnetwork_gr07/page_build.cfm?id=quiz&ch=7
標題句：Please turn on the TV.
Please turn it on.
She turned the TV on.
結 構：可分兩字動詞
到目前為止，我們所學者絕大部分為單字形的動詞，如 study, sleep, write, play 等等，但有些動詞的意思表達，是要以片語的形式，如 ask for, come back, go back, , cry out, get to, get on, get off, get up, grow up, hear from, listen to, look around, look at, look down, look for, run after, shut up, sit down, stand up, wait for 等等，和單字形的動詞使用習慣一樣，以上這些兩字形動詞，其實也不會造成我們在使用上的困難。
但有些兩個字所組成的動詞片語（稱為「兩字動詞」則不同，先看底下的例句：
e.g. 1. Please wake up your sister at seven o'clock.
2. Please wake your sister up at seven o'clock.
3. Please wake me up at seven o'clock.
例句 3 顯然和其他兩個例句不同，也就是說，當兩字動詞片語的受詞是名詞時，則該受詞的位置有兩個，放在兩字動詞片語的中間或後面均可，這樣的情形對我們來說，不會造成學習上的困難，反正兩個位置都對；但若受詞是「人稱代名詞」時，則只能夠放在兩字動詞片語的中間。這種特殊的用法，國中階段常用的有：
find out：找到
get back：取回
give up：放棄
look up：查閱
pick up：檢起來
put down：放下
put on：穿（戴）上
take away：拿開；拿走
take off：脫掉
turn on：開（開關）
turn off：關（開關）
wake up：叫醒
記憶方法：這種兩字動詞片語最惱人者，莫過於常背錯，若你仍未找到適當的方法，在此依經驗提供一個有效的方法，即在上述的兩字動詞中間，均加上 it 而後一起背，應會達到不錯的效果，如：
find it out give it up look it up pick it up put it down put it on turn it on/off wake it up
想想看一：請將下列各句中劃線部分改為「人稱代名詞」，並填入空格中。[ 核對答案 ]
1. Your English will be much better than me if you never give up your English.
==> Your English will be much better than me if you never .
2. There's trash everywhere. Let's pick up all the trash.
==> There's trash everywhere. Let's .
3. It's 6:30 now. You can wake up the two children, or they'll be late for school.
==> It's 6:30 now. You can , or they'll be late for school.
4. It's cold today. Don't take off your jacket and sweater, or you will perhaps catch a cold.
==> It's cold today. Don't , or you will perhaps catch a cold.
5. Would you please put down the books in your hands and come to help me?
==> Would you please in your hands and come to help me?
想想看二：請將下列各句，翻譯成英文。[ 核對答案 ]
1. 請把水關掉。
2. 是誰把它們拿走的？
3. 最後，Martin 先生在公園的一棵樹下找到他兒子腳踏車。
4. 我需要桌燈，請幫我把它打開。（有兩句）
5. 她不懂這個字，所以要我用字典查一下。
http://www.classzone.com/books/lnetwork_gr07/page_build.cfm?id=quiz&ch=7
2011年3月2日 星期三
Need 的用法
如何分辨 " Mr. Lin __ wash his motorcycle. " 的答案？
題目如下，我是看自修的，也就是我有解答，但我不會分辨那個是正確的答案，請告訴我「各個答案是錯在那」，請教我「解題技巧」，考英檢用囉！謝謝。
Mr. Lin __ wash his motorcycle.
1. needs not
2. doesn't
3. need
4. needn't
2008-07-27 18:13:34 補充
to all ：
回答者： 賴絲莉 ( 初學者 3 級 ) 代表知識團： 留學 DIY
回答者： Kevin ( 大師 3 級 ) 代表知識團： English Forum
這一題我寫 2 為答案，結果後面的答案是 「 4 」，但是二位都覺得 2 和 4 都可以，如果可以的話，可不可以再提一下意見給我，我的這本參考書是 民國 83年翰林出版的國中英文自修，是不是它寫的不好呢？
謝謝你們用心的回答哦！由於你們的見解相同，但是DIY隊的是正解，可是 kevin 又提出語法，現在的英文，我到底該選誰？
最佳解答網友票選.. 回答者： Kevin ( 大師 3 級 )
代表知識團： English Forum
擅長領域： 英文 | 武術
回答時間： 2008-07-27 16:41:50
[ 檢舉 ] .版主您好:
這個題目如果只講"文法", 那麼就如同幾位大大所說的內容:
1. [need]當一般動詞使用, 必須跟著主詞與時態來變化, 而且其後要接不定詞[to V]或動名詞[Ving]. 所以第一個答案加了s, 就表示這種用法; 問題是"一般動詞"的否定是藉由助動詞[do/does not]來表達, 而不能直接加[not]. 因此依規則論, 要改為
Mr. Lin does not need to wash his motorcycle. (一般動詞)
如果把[need]當助動詞, 那就不必須跟著主詞與時態來變化(它只用於現在式), 而且多出現在否定及疑問句. 所以要改為:
Mr. Lin need not wash his motorcycle.
那麼3.不適合的原因就很清楚了: 肯定句多把[need]當一般動詞使用, 所以要改為:
Mr. Lin needs to wash his motorcycle.
結果2. 與 4.在文法上都挑不出毛病, 如果是複選題還OK, 如果是單選呢?
這時候就要考慮"語法"了.
您先考慮一下主詞[林先生]與[洗車]這件事的關係, 不外乎是:
1. 林先生"必須/不必"洗車. (義務關係)
2. 林先生"該/還不用"洗車. (與車子髒不髒有關)
如果是1. 通常是用
Mr. Lin [has to]/[must]/[ought to] wash his motorcycle.
如果是2. 通常是用
Mr. Lin should wash his motorcycle.
Mr. Lin's motorcycle needs washing.
[need]通常是要表達滿足主詞的"需求"(如例句, [washing]是[motorcycle]的需求), 所以就本題而言, 只有在少數狀況, 譬如說:
林先生是個有潔癖或極度狂熱的車迷, 每天都得把車洗得一塵不染; 或林先生打算把愛車賣了, 為了賣相好一點, 得把車洗一洗.
類似這樣的狀況, 才會用[need].
既然如此, 如果是單選, 就挑2.吧!
題目如下，我是看自修的，也就是我有解答，但我不會分辨那個是正確的答案，請告訴我「各個答案是錯在那」，請教我「解題技巧」，考英檢用囉！謝謝。
Mr. Lin __ wash his motorcycle.
1. needs not
2. doesn't
3. need
4. needn't
2008-07-27 18:13:34 補充
to all ：
回答者： 賴絲莉 ( 初學者 3 級 ) 代表知識團： 留學 DIY
回答者： Kevin ( 大師 3 級 ) 代表知識團： English Forum
這一題我寫 2 為答案，結果後面的答案是 「 4 」，但是二位都覺得 2 和 4 都可以，如果可以的話，可不可以再提一下意見給我，我的這本參考書是 民國 83年翰林出版的國中英文自修，是不是它寫的不好呢？
謝謝你們用心的回答哦！由於你們的見解相同，但是DIY隊的是正解，可是 kevin 又提出語法，現在的英文，我到底該選誰？
最佳解答網友票選.. 回答者： Kevin ( 大師 3 級 )
代表知識團： English Forum
擅長領域： 英文 | 武術
回答時間： 2008-07-27 16:41:50
[ 檢舉 ] .版主您好:
這個題目如果只講"文法", 那麼就如同幾位大大所說的內容:
1. [need]當一般動詞使用, 必須跟著主詞與時態來變化, 而且其後要接不定詞[to V]或動名詞[Ving]. 所以第一個答案加了s, 就表示這種用法; 問題是"一般動詞"的否定是藉由助動詞[do/does not]來表達, 而不能直接加[not]. 因此依規則論, 要改為
Mr. Lin does not need to wash his motorcycle. (一般動詞)
如果把[need]當助動詞, 那就不必須跟著主詞與時態來變化(它只用於現在式), 而且多出現在否定及疑問句. 所以要改為:
Mr. Lin need not wash his motorcycle.
那麼3.不適合的原因就很清楚了: 肯定句多把[need]當一般動詞使用, 所以要改為:
Mr. Lin needs to wash his motorcycle.
結果2. 與 4.在文法上都挑不出毛病, 如果是複選題還OK, 如果是單選呢?
這時候就要考慮"語法"了.
您先考慮一下主詞[林先生]與[洗車]這件事的關係, 不外乎是:
1. 林先生"必須/不必"洗車. (義務關係)
2. 林先生"該/還不用"洗車. (與車子髒不髒有關)
如果是1. 通常是用
Mr. Lin [has to]/[must]/[ought to] wash his motorcycle.
如果是2. 通常是用
Mr. Lin should wash his motorcycle.
Mr. Lin's motorcycle needs washing.
[need]通常是要表達滿足主詞的"需求"(如例句, [washing]是[motorcycle]的需求), 所以就本題而言, 只有在少數狀況, 譬如說:
林先生是個有潔癖或極度狂熱的車迷, 每天都得把車洗得一塵不染; 或林先生打算把愛車賣了, 為了賣相好一點, 得把車洗一洗.
類似這樣的狀況, 才會用[need].
既然如此, 如果是單選, 就挑2.吧!
2010年12月8日 星期三
有 away & up 的動詞片語
give away 分發 , 分配
right away 立刻
go away
take away 拿走, 運走
keep away
put away
show up 出現
grow up
clean up 厕底清掃
break up 分手
give up
pick up
right away 立刻
go away
take away 拿走, 運走
keep away
put away
show up 出現
grow up
clean up 厕底清掃
break up 分手
give up
pick up
2010年12月2日 星期四
L 1.
be tired of 厭煩
We are getting tired of Jim's silly tricks. 對 Jim 的無聊玩笑感到厭煩
The woman tricked many people into lending her money.
They tricked me into making mistakes.
a trick box 魔術箱
It's March first .= It's the first of March.
What date is this Sunsay ? It's May 2nd.
雙賓動詞
give ... to
send ... to
write ... to
buy ... for
bring
play tricks on + 人
L2.
You don't look good. What happened?
Failing tests makes me lose my interest.
使役動詞 have / make/ let
Why don't you let your car fixed by Tom?
Why don't you get Tom to fix your car?
1. 使役動詞：(1) 被命令者為人：make/ let/ have 人 VR ～ [叫某人做某事]直接後面接原形表命令語氣ex. My mother had me wash hands.(我媽叫我洗手。)
(2) 被動寫法：人 be made/ let/ had to VR ～ [某人被叫去做某事]ex. I was made to wash my hands (by my mother).(我被我媽叫去洗手。)
(3) 當被命令者為非人時：let/ have/ get 非人 adj./ Ving(主動)/Ved(被動) [讓某物被...]ex1. I get my hands clean.(我使我的手是乾淨的。)ex2. I get my car washed.(我請人洗車。)ex3. She let her hair falling.(她讓它的頭髮垂下。)
3.1 My mother makes the house clean every day.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 形容詞(adj.) 的句型
3.2 The teacher makes him wash the toilet.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 原形動詞(VR) 的句型
3.3 The strong man makes the car moved.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 過去分詞(p.p.表被動) 的句型
**
Tom is used to getting up early. Tom 習慣早起
Tom used to get up early . Tom 以前經常早起
The knife is used to cut cake.
**
How often ......?
How soon ......??
be tired of 厭煩
We are getting tired of Jim's silly tricks. 對 Jim 的無聊玩笑感到厭煩
The woman tricked many people into lending her money.
They tricked me into making mistakes.
a trick box 魔術箱
It's March first .= It's the first of March.
What date is this Sunsay ? It's May 2nd.
雙賓動詞
give ... to
send ... to
write ... to
buy ... for
bring
play tricks on + 人
L2.
You don't look good. What happened?
Failing tests makes me lose my interest.
使役動詞 have / make/ let
Why don't you let your car fixed by Tom?
Why don't you get Tom to fix your car?
1. 使役動詞：(1) 被命令者為人：make/ let/ have 人 VR ～ [叫某人做某事]直接後面接原形表命令語氣ex. My mother had me wash hands.(我媽叫我洗手。)
(2) 被動寫法：人 be made/ let/ had to VR ～ [某人被叫去做某事]ex. I was made to wash my hands (by my mother).(我被我媽叫去洗手。)
(3) 當被命令者為非人時：let/ have/ get 非人 adj./ Ving(主動)/Ved(被動) [讓某物被...]ex1. I get my hands clean.(我使我的手是乾淨的。)ex2. I get my car washed.(我請人洗車。)ex3. She let her hair falling.(她讓它的頭髮垂下。)
3.1 My mother makes the house clean every day.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 形容詞(adj.) 的句型
3.2 The teacher makes him wash the toilet.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 原形動詞(VR) 的句型
3.3 The strong man makes the car moved.即文法上 make + 受詞(O) + 過去分詞(p.p.表被動) 的句型
**
Tom is used to getting up early. Tom 習慣早起
Tom used to get up early . Tom 以前經常早起
The knife is used to cut cake.
**
How often ......?
How soon ......??
2010年11月23日 星期二
Less and Fewer
fewer (superlative fewest)
The comparative of few; a smaller number.
Fewer women wear hats these days.
There are fewer tigers than there were a hundred years ago.
Some [1] regard the use of the determiner less with quantities to be incorrect, stating that less should indicate only a reduction in size or significance, leaving fewer to indicate a smaller quantity:
Their troubles are fewer than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so numerous as ours."
Their troubles are less than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so great as ours."
In typical usage this distinction is absent, and less has been widely understood and commonly used as a synonym to fewer since it first appeared in Old English, compare læs.
[edit] Translations
****
Learners of English often stumble over when to use ‘less’ and ‘fewer’.
ONE of my students recently inquired about a scholarship programme because the rules requested that applicants write an essay of 500 words or fewer. The requirement piqued her curiosity, and it stemmed from my composition course and our practice with concise, brief endings to a film critique format. My written instructions asked for a summary in 100 words or less, implying the use of fewer paragraphs than sentences.
Confusing? You bet it is, not to mention frustrating; learners of English often stumble here. I suggested that the class ponder this mystery together: which of the two forms is correct and, conversely, which is incorrect? We will see in the following examples that the choice (of usage) is really not as frightful as it seems.
We hauled out two well-thumbed tomes, Webster’s and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, and found that they agree that the word fewer refers to the number of things counted. The latter says that: “The traditional rule holds that fewer is used with expressions denoting things that can be counted (fewer than four players), while less is used with mass terms denoting things of measurable extent (less paper, less than a gallon of paint)”(p675).
But before we can exclaim, Aha! and pat ourselves on the back, there is more: “However, less is idiomatic in certain constructions where fewer would occur according to the traditional rule. Less than is used before a plural noun that denotes a measure of time, amount, or distance: less than three weeks; less than $400; less than 100km. Less is sometimes used with plural nouns in the expressions no less than (as in No less than 30 of his colleagues signed the letter) and or less.”
The idiomatic usage in place of the rule is supported by Theodore M. Bernstein in The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage in which he states that the whole must be considered, not merely the sum of its parts: “For instance: ‘Not many of these buildings are fewer than 30 years old.’ The thought here is not of individual years, but of a period of time; therefore, less. Another example: ‘Some professors earn fewer than $7,500 a year.’ Make it less. The thought is not of separate dollars but of a sum of money” (Bernstein, p184).
So, my classroom instructions were on the money (exactly right). But we don’t want to forget old Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, presently an acting doorstop. When we find the page we also discover that it upholds the traditional rule with one exception: “It is not accurate for all usage ... less refers to quantity or amount among things that are measured and to number among things that are counted. Our amended rule describes the actual usage of the past thousand years or so” (592).
It would appear that both our samples are correct and, as with much of our language, proper usage is in the eye, or mouth, of the beholder. Fewer may be the proper choice for an essay whereas less would work just fine for a supermarket checkout line. Even so, less is the more versatile of the two.
Depending on the usage, less can be three of the four parts of speech. As a noun: He received less than he anticipated; as an adjective: This Christmas I had less time to spend with friends; and as an adverb: She is less happy. Also, as a synonym of minus it can act as a preposition: Ten minus eight is two. But fewer can only be an adjective, we discovered, as it is the comparative form of few. Getting into the spirit of the thing, the playfulness of the language, one student said: ‘For parts of speech one can say that fewer has less but less is more!’ I like it, perhaps because according to Webster, a native speaker’s ear should be their guide in choosing the correct usage. But what of academic language? Webster’s has this to say:
“The OED shows that less has been used of countables since the time of King Alfred the Great ... more than a thousand years ago (in about 888). So essentially less has been used of countables in English for just about as long as there has been a written English language.
“After about 900 years, Robert Baker opined that fewer might be more elegant and proper. Almost every usage writer since Baker has followed Baker’s lead, and generations of English teachers have swelled the chorus. The result seems to be a fairly large number of people who now believe less used of countables to be wrong, though its standardness is easily demonstrated” (p593).
It would seem that we are less likely to see one term predominant than we are to see their continued usage as interchangeable and with no fewer contradictions than those of the past. I have encouraged my students to keep their eyes peeled for further examples of entanglement in English.
Steven Mooney is a lecturer at the Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
The comparative of few; a smaller number.
Fewer women wear hats these days.
There are fewer tigers than there were a hundred years ago.
Some [1] regard the use of the determiner less with quantities to be incorrect, stating that less should indicate only a reduction in size or significance, leaving fewer to indicate a smaller quantity:
Their troubles are fewer than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so numerous as ours."
Their troubles are less than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so great as ours."
In typical usage this distinction is absent, and less has been widely understood and commonly used as a synonym to fewer since it first appeared in Old English, compare læs.
[edit] Translations
****
Learners of English often stumble over when to use ‘less’ and ‘fewer’.
ONE of my students recently inquired about a scholarship programme because the rules requested that applicants write an essay of 500 words or fewer. The requirement piqued her curiosity, and it stemmed from my composition course and our practice with concise, brief endings to a film critique format. My written instructions asked for a summary in 100 words or less, implying the use of fewer paragraphs than sentences.
Confusing? You bet it is, not to mention frustrating; learners of English often stumble here. I suggested that the class ponder this mystery together: which of the two forms is correct and, conversely, which is incorrect? We will see in the following examples that the choice (of usage) is really not as frightful as it seems.
We hauled out two well-thumbed tomes, Webster’s and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, and found that they agree that the word fewer refers to the number of things counted. The latter says that: “The traditional rule holds that fewer is used with expressions denoting things that can be counted (fewer than four players), while less is used with mass terms denoting things of measurable extent (less paper, less than a gallon of paint)”(p675).
But before we can exclaim, Aha! and pat ourselves on the back, there is more: “However, less is idiomatic in certain constructions where fewer would occur according to the traditional rule. Less than is used before a plural noun that denotes a measure of time, amount, or distance: less than three weeks; less than $400; less than 100km. Less is sometimes used with plural nouns in the expressions no less than (as in No less than 30 of his colleagues signed the letter) and or less.”
The idiomatic usage in place of the rule is supported by Theodore M. Bernstein in The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage in which he states that the whole must be considered, not merely the sum of its parts: “For instance: ‘Not many of these buildings are fewer than 30 years old.’ The thought here is not of individual years, but of a period of time; therefore, less. Another example: ‘Some professors earn fewer than $7,500 a year.’ Make it less. The thought is not of separate dollars but of a sum of money” (Bernstein, p184).
So, my classroom instructions were on the money (exactly right). But we don’t want to forget old Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, presently an acting doorstop. When we find the page we also discover that it upholds the traditional rule with one exception: “It is not accurate for all usage ... less refers to quantity or amount among things that are measured and to number among things that are counted. Our amended rule describes the actual usage of the past thousand years or so” (592).
It would appear that both our samples are correct and, as with much of our language, proper usage is in the eye, or mouth, of the beholder. Fewer may be the proper choice for an essay whereas less would work just fine for a supermarket checkout line. Even so, less is the more versatile of the two.
Depending on the usage, less can be three of the four parts of speech. As a noun: He received less than he anticipated; as an adjective: This Christmas I had less time to spend with friends; and as an adverb: She is less happy. Also, as a synonym of minus it can act as a preposition: Ten minus eight is two. But fewer can only be an adjective, we discovered, as it is the comparative form of few. Getting into the spirit of the thing, the playfulness of the language, one student said: ‘For parts of speech one can say that fewer has less but less is more!’ I like it, perhaps because according to Webster, a native speaker’s ear should be their guide in choosing the correct usage. But what of academic language? Webster’s has this to say:
“The OED shows that less has been used of countables since the time of King Alfred the Great ... more than a thousand years ago (in about 888). So essentially less has been used of countables in English for just about as long as there has been a written English language.
“After about 900 years, Robert Baker opined that fewer might be more elegant and proper. Almost every usage writer since Baker has followed Baker’s lead, and generations of English teachers have swelled the chorus. The result seems to be a fairly large number of people who now believe less used of countables to be wrong, though its standardness is easily demonstrated” (p593).
It would seem that we are less likely to see one term predominant than we are to see their continued usage as interchangeable and with no fewer contradictions than those of the past. I have encouraged my students to keep their eyes peeled for further examples of entanglement in English.
Steven Mooney is a lecturer at the Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
2010年11月13日 星期六
TEST 7 解答
想想看一：合併下列句子。（注意：合併時，有些原短句中的字會刪去；最好是將合併後的句子翻譯成中文看看是否通順。）
1. This store has many kinds of clothes. Some kinds are on sale.
Some kinds of the clothes in this store are on sale.
2. There are many boys in the garden. One boy wears a yellow jacket.
One of the boys in the garden wears a yellow jacket.
3. Jack has some rabbits. This is Jack's rabbit.
This is one of Jack's rabbits.
4. Mr. Green has only two sons. They are both doctors.
Both of Mr. Green's sons are doctors.
5. There are many trees in the park. All the trees are tall.
All of the trees in the park are tall.
6. I have many friends here. Tomorrow I will visit a friend here.
Tomorrow I will visit one of my friends here.
想想看二：試依上述的表達方式，翻譯下列各句。（注意中英對照問題，因為那才是你常犯錯的原因。）
1. 他的一些同學明年不讀英語了。
Some of his classmates won't study English next year.
2. 林小姐買了王先生的一部車子。
Ms./Miss Lin bought one of Mr. Wang's cars.
3. 大部分的學生都很用功。
Most students study (very) hard.或 Most students work (very) hard.
4. 動物園中有很多動物生病了。
Many of the animals in the zoo get sick.
5. 請不要吃桌上的任何一粒蘋果。
Please don't eat any of the apples on the table.
6. 你班上有幾個學生今天沒來。
Several of the students in your class don't come to school today.
[ 回 one/both/some/most/all ... of 的用法 ]
... too ... to ... 的用法：
想想看一：歸納上述三句，可否說出在 too 後面所接綠色的字是什麼詞？
形容詞。
想想看二：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. 這部車太舊了，以致於不能開了。
The/This car is too old to drive.
2. 我的夾克太小了，以致於不能再穿了。
My jacket is too small to wear any more.
3. 他實在是太驚訝了，以致於無法相信它。
He is too surprised to believe it.
4. 這次考試對我來說太難了，所以我考不好。
This/The test is too hard for me to get good grades/marks.
5. 台北對我們來說太大了，以致於無法找到他。
Taipei is too big/large for us to find him.
[ 回... too ... to ... 的用法 ]
分詞當形容詞用：
想想看一：依上面兩個「現在分詞」、「過去分詞」對照表中，你是否看出，在左邊欄的現在分詞中文裡，都有哪些共同的字？
令人感到
想想看二：在右邊的過去分詞欄裡，中文字都有哪些共同的字？
感到
想想看三：在這類字的「動詞」用法中，對照中文意思，都會有哪些字出現？
使 ... 感到
想想看四：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
B
C
A
B
C
A
想想看五：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
A
C
C
D
B
想想看六：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
A
A
D
C
B
C
D
想想看七：再來一篇綜合練習，看看你是否能綜合應用？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
A
D
C
D
B
B
A
想想看八：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. Allen昨天開了一場令人驚奇的派對。
Allen had a surprising party yesterday.
2. 你兒子對於這張照片，一點都沒興趣。
Your son is/was not interested in the picture/photo at all.
3. 為那場考試讀書，並不是件令人疲累的事。
Studying/Preparing for the test is not tiring.
4. Paul 的父母對於他的英語成績感到很驚訝嗎？
Are/Were Paul's parents surprised at his English grades?
5. 在看完了那場緊張刺激的棒球賽之後，他感到很興奮。
He was/is/feels/felt excited after he watched the exciting baseball game.
**
標題句：English interests me. The rules are so confusing.
I am interested in the game.
結 構：情緒動詞及情緒形容詞(原形動詞、過去分詞、現在分詞)
第一部分：請依據上、下文意，選出最合適的答案。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B B A A A B C
11 12 13 14 15 16
C C A B C A
試題解析：
1. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Playing video games)，所以用單數動詞，形容事物的特質所以選 -ing的型式。
2. 修飾主詞 Steve，所以用 -ed 的型式。
3. 修飾後面的名詞 game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾後面的名詞 fans，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 the one = 前面所提到的 picture ，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，多半用來形容事物的特質，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。Brown 先生總是說笑話，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
7. 修飾後面的名詞 day，所以用 -ing 的型式。
8. 修飾前面的名詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 修飾主詞 Mrs. Wu and my classmates，所以用 -ed 的型式。
10. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 The movie，所以動詞 interests，須用單數。
11. 修飾主詞 We，所以用 -ed的型式。
12. 前面提到 boring，所以相反詞為 interesting。
13. 修飾主詞 The book，所以用 -ing 的型式。
14. 前半為修飾後面的名詞 subjects，所以用 -ing 的型式；後半修飾後面的名詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. 文中提到我只想要睡覺，所以選累了 (tired)。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 news，所以用 -ing的型式。
第二部分：從下列各組所提示的字詞，依上、下文意，填入適當的「情緒動詞及情緒形容詞」，必要時做適當變化，以完成句子。
1 2 3 4 5
interested interesting interesting interested interesting
6 7 8 9 10
interested interests boring bored bored
11 12 13 14 15
boring surprising surprised surprised surprised
16 17 18 19 20
surprising excited exciting exciting excites
21 22 23 24 25
tiring tired tires tired tiring
26 27 28 29 30
tired confused confused confuses confused
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
2. 修飾後面的名詞 hobby，所以用 -ing 的型式)。
3. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。George 總是說有趣的故事，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾主詞 John，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
7. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 a subject，所以動詞 interests 須用單數。
8. 修飾主詞 Comic books，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 這部電影令我感到厭煩，主詞為 This movie 動詞 bored 須用過去式，因為後面動詞為過去式 (fell)。
10. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
11. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 He 他總是談論過去，令人感到厭煩，所以用 -ing 的型式。
12. 修飾主詞 news，所以用 -ing 的型式。
13. 修飾主詞 we，所以用 -ed 的型式。
14. 修飾主詞 she，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. Tom 的朋友令他感到驚訝，這裡需要的是動詞，後面有提到 had 所以用過去式。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 things，所以用 -ing 的型式。
17. 修飾主詞 they，所以用 -ed 的型式。
18. 修飾主詞 the baseball game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
19. 修飾後面的名詞 movie，所以用 -ing 的型式。
20. 搬新家令我們感到興奮，主詞為 moving into a new place，所以動詞 excites 須用單數。
21. 主詞為動名詞片語 (going mountain climbing)，形容事物的特質，所以選 -ing 的型式。
22. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
23. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Having the same food)，這裡需要的是動詞，tires 需用單數。
24. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
25. 修飾後面的名詞 job，所以用 -ing 的型式。
26. 修飾主詞 many students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
27. 修飾主詞 they(=many students)，所以用 -ed 的型式。
28. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
29. 某事令 Joe 感到困擾，這裡需要的是動詞 confuses，須用單數。
30. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
第三部分：請依文意，由以下所提示的的動詞中，改成正確的形式填入空格裡。
1 2 3 4
interested interesting exercites satisfied
5 6 7
satisfying boring tired
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 Peter 後跟介係詞 in 所以用 interested。
2. 修飾主詞 math 所以用 interesting。
3. What 當主詞，這裡需要的是動詞 excites 須用單數。
4. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾後面的名詞 answers，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 English，所以用 boring。
7. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 tired。
第四部份：依例子改寫句子。
1. (1) The games were exciting to the boys.
(2) The boys were excited about the games.
2. (1) Painting is interesting to Linda.
(2) Linda is interested in painting.
3. (1) The party was surprising to Jenny.
(2) Jenny was surprised at the party.
4. (1) The TV program is boring to everyone.
(2) Everyone is bored with the TV program.
5. (1) Washing the car was tiring to my father.
(2) My father was tired of washing the car.
試題解析：
1~5 的句型變化如下：
S (多以事物為主) + 情緒 V + O (多以人為主)
→ S (多為事物) + be + 情緒現在分詞 (-ing) + to 人（受格)
→ S (多為人) + be + 情緒過去分詞 (-ed) + 介係詞 + O (多以事物為主)
＊ be動詞隨情緒動詞的時態而變化。
第五部份：翻譯填空。
1. 我以前對逛街很有興趣，但現在它對我已不再有趣了。
I was very interested in shopping, but now it doesn't interest me anymore.
2. A: 當你到國外旅行時，什麼最令你感到困擾？
B: 溝通。
A: What troubles you most when you travel abroad?
B: Communicating.
3. 世界上，很多新奇的事物每天都發生。
In the world, many new and surprising things happen every day.
4. 人們對一件事感興趣，而不久又很容易對它感到厭煩。
People become interested in a certain thing and soon get bored with it easily.
5. A: 你覺得這部電影如何？
B: 很令人驚訝和興奮，裡面有很多的特效。
A: How do you feel about the movie?
B: It's surprising and exciting. There are many special effects in it.
1. This store has many kinds of clothes. Some kinds are on sale.
Some kinds of the clothes in this store are on sale.
2. There are many boys in the garden. One boy wears a yellow jacket.
One of the boys in the garden wears a yellow jacket.
3. Jack has some rabbits. This is Jack's rabbit.
This is one of Jack's rabbits.
4. Mr. Green has only two sons. They are both doctors.
Both of Mr. Green's sons are doctors.
5. There are many trees in the park. All the trees are tall.
All of the trees in the park are tall.
6. I have many friends here. Tomorrow I will visit a friend here.
Tomorrow I will visit one of my friends here.
想想看二：試依上述的表達方式，翻譯下列各句。（注意中英對照問題，因為那才是你常犯錯的原因。）
1. 他的一些同學明年不讀英語了。
Some of his classmates won't study English next year.
2. 林小姐買了王先生的一部車子。
Ms./Miss Lin bought one of Mr. Wang's cars.
3. 大部分的學生都很用功。
Most students study (very) hard.或 Most students work (very) hard.
4. 動物園中有很多動物生病了。
Many of the animals in the zoo get sick.
5. 請不要吃桌上的任何一粒蘋果。
Please don't eat any of the apples on the table.
6. 你班上有幾個學生今天沒來。
Several of the students in your class don't come to school today.
[ 回 one/both/some/most/all ... of 的用法 ]
... too ... to ... 的用法：
想想看一：歸納上述三句，可否說出在 too 後面所接綠色的字是什麼詞？
形容詞。
想想看二：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. 這部車太舊了，以致於不能開了。
The/This car is too old to drive.
2. 我的夾克太小了，以致於不能再穿了。
My jacket is too small to wear any more.
3. 他實在是太驚訝了，以致於無法相信它。
He is too surprised to believe it.
4. 這次考試對我來說太難了，所以我考不好。
This/The test is too hard for me to get good grades/marks.
5. 台北對我們來說太大了，以致於無法找到他。
Taipei is too big/large for us to find him.
[ 回... too ... to ... 的用法 ]
分詞當形容詞用：
想想看一：依上面兩個「現在分詞」、「過去分詞」對照表中，你是否看出，在左邊欄的現在分詞中文裡，都有哪些共同的字？
令人感到
想想看二：在右邊的過去分詞欄裡，中文字都有哪些共同的字？
感到
想想看三：在這類字的「動詞」用法中，對照中文意思，都會有哪些字出現？
使 ... 感到
想想看四：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
B
C
A
B
C
A
想想看五：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
A
C
C
D
B
想想看六：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
A
A
D
C
B
C
D
想想看七：再來一篇綜合練習，看看你是否能綜合應用？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
A
D
C
D
B
B
A
想想看八：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. Allen昨天開了一場令人驚奇的派對。
Allen had a surprising party yesterday.
2. 你兒子對於這張照片，一點都沒興趣。
Your son is/was not interested in the picture/photo at all.
3. 為那場考試讀書，並不是件令人疲累的事。
Studying/Preparing for the test is not tiring.
4. Paul 的父母對於他的英語成績感到很驚訝嗎？
Are/Were Paul's parents surprised at his English grades?
5. 在看完了那場緊張刺激的棒球賽之後，他感到很興奮。
He was/is/feels/felt excited after he watched the exciting baseball game.
**
標題句：English interests me. The rules are so confusing.
I am interested in the game.
結 構：情緒動詞及情緒形容詞(原形動詞、過去分詞、現在分詞)
第一部分：請依據上、下文意，選出最合適的答案。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B B A A A B C
11 12 13 14 15 16
C C A B C A
試題解析：
1. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Playing video games)，所以用單數動詞，形容事物的特質所以選 -ing的型式。
2. 修飾主詞 Steve，所以用 -ed 的型式。
3. 修飾後面的名詞 game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾後面的名詞 fans，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 the one = 前面所提到的 picture ，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，多半用來形容事物的特質，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。Brown 先生總是說笑話，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
7. 修飾後面的名詞 day，所以用 -ing 的型式。
8. 修飾前面的名詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 修飾主詞 Mrs. Wu and my classmates，所以用 -ed 的型式。
10. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 The movie，所以動詞 interests，須用單數。
11. 修飾主詞 We，所以用 -ed的型式。
12. 前面提到 boring，所以相反詞為 interesting。
13. 修飾主詞 The book，所以用 -ing 的型式。
14. 前半為修飾後面的名詞 subjects，所以用 -ing 的型式；後半修飾後面的名詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. 文中提到我只想要睡覺，所以選累了 (tired)。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 news，所以用 -ing的型式。
第二部分：從下列各組所提示的字詞，依上、下文意，填入適當的「情緒動詞及情緒形容詞」，必要時做適當變化，以完成句子。
1 2 3 4 5
interested interesting interesting interested interesting
6 7 8 9 10
interested interests boring bored bored
11 12 13 14 15
boring surprising surprised surprised surprised
16 17 18 19 20
surprising excited exciting exciting excites
21 22 23 24 25
tiring tired tires tired tiring
26 27 28 29 30
tired confused confused confuses confused
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
2. 修飾後面的名詞 hobby，所以用 -ing 的型式)。
3. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。George 總是說有趣的故事，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾主詞 John，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
7. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 a subject，所以動詞 interests 須用單數。
8. 修飾主詞 Comic books，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 這部電影令我感到厭煩，主詞為 This movie 動詞 bored 須用過去式，因為後面動詞為過去式 (fell)。
10. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
11. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 He 他總是談論過去，令人感到厭煩，所以用 -ing 的型式。
12. 修飾主詞 news，所以用 -ing 的型式。
13. 修飾主詞 we，所以用 -ed 的型式。
14. 修飾主詞 she，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. Tom 的朋友令他感到驚訝，這裡需要的是動詞，後面有提到 had 所以用過去式。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 things，所以用 -ing 的型式。
17. 修飾主詞 they，所以用 -ed 的型式。
18. 修飾主詞 the baseball game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
19. 修飾後面的名詞 movie，所以用 -ing 的型式。
20. 搬新家令我們感到興奮，主詞為 moving into a new place，所以動詞 excites 須用單數。
21. 主詞為動名詞片語 (going mountain climbing)，形容事物的特質，所以選 -ing 的型式。
22. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
23. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Having the same food)，這裡需要的是動詞，tires 需用單數。
24. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
25. 修飾後面的名詞 job，所以用 -ing 的型式。
26. 修飾主詞 many students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
27. 修飾主詞 they(=many students)，所以用 -ed 的型式。
28. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
29. 某事令 Joe 感到困擾，這裡需要的是動詞 confuses，須用單數。
30. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
第三部分：請依文意，由以下所提示的的動詞中，改成正確的形式填入空格裡。
1 2 3 4
interested interesting exercites satisfied
5 6 7
satisfying boring tired
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 Peter 後跟介係詞 in 所以用 interested。
2. 修飾主詞 math 所以用 interesting。
3. What 當主詞，這裡需要的是動詞 excites 須用單數。
4. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾後面的名詞 answers，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 English，所以用 boring。
7. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 tired。
第四部份：依例子改寫句子。
1. (1) The games were exciting to the boys.
(2) The boys were excited about the games.
2. (1) Painting is interesting to Linda.
(2) Linda is interested in painting.
3. (1) The party was surprising to Jenny.
(2) Jenny was surprised at the party.
4. (1) The TV program is boring to everyone.
(2) Everyone is bored with the TV program.
5. (1) Washing the car was tiring to my father.
(2) My father was tired of washing the car.
試題解析：
1~5 的句型變化如下：
S (多以事物為主) + 情緒 V + O (多以人為主)
→ S (多為事物) + be + 情緒現在分詞 (-ing) + to 人（受格)
→ S (多為人) + be + 情緒過去分詞 (-ed) + 介係詞 + O (多以事物為主)
＊ be動詞隨情緒動詞的時態而變化。
第五部份：翻譯填空。
1. 我以前對逛街很有興趣，但現在它對我已不再有趣了。
I was very interested in shopping, but now it doesn't interest me anymore.
2. A: 當你到國外旅行時，什麼最令你感到困擾？
B: 溝通。
A: What troubles you most when you travel abroad?
B: Communicating.
3. 世界上，很多新奇的事物每天都發生。
In the world, many new and surprising things happen every day.
4. 人們對一件事感興趣，而不久又很容易對它感到厭煩。
People become interested in a certain thing and soon get bored with it easily.
5. A: 你覺得這部電影如何？
B: 很令人驚訝和興奮，裡面有很多的特效。
A: How do you feel about the movie?
B: It's surprising and exciting. There are many special effects in it.
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