fewer (superlative fewest)
The comparative of few; a smaller number.
Fewer women wear hats these days.
There are fewer tigers than there were a hundred years ago.
Some [1] regard the use of the determiner less with quantities to be incorrect, stating that less should indicate only a reduction in size or significance, leaving fewer to indicate a smaller quantity:
Their troubles are fewer than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so numerous as ours."
Their troubles are less than ours, meaning "Their troubles are not so great as ours."
In typical usage this distinction is absent, and less has been widely understood and commonly used as a synonym to fewer since it first appeared in Old English, compare læs.
[edit] Translations
****
Learners of English often stumble over when to use ‘less’ and ‘fewer’.
ONE of my students recently inquired about a scholarship programme because the rules requested that applicants write an essay of 500 words or fewer. The requirement piqued her curiosity, and it stemmed from my composition course and our practice with concise, brief endings to a film critique format. My written instructions asked for a summary in 100 words or less, implying the use of fewer paragraphs than sentences.
Confusing? You bet it is, not to mention frustrating; learners of English often stumble here. I suggested that the class ponder this mystery together: which of the two forms is correct and, conversely, which is incorrect? We will see in the following examples that the choice (of usage) is really not as frightful as it seems.
We hauled out two well-thumbed tomes, Webster’s and the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, and found that they agree that the word fewer refers to the number of things counted. The latter says that: “The traditional rule holds that fewer is used with expressions denoting things that can be counted (fewer than four players), while less is used with mass terms denoting things of measurable extent (less paper, less than a gallon of paint)”(p675).
But before we can exclaim, Aha! and pat ourselves on the back, there is more: “However, less is idiomatic in certain constructions where fewer would occur according to the traditional rule. Less than is used before a plural noun that denotes a measure of time, amount, or distance: less than three weeks; less than $400; less than 100km. Less is sometimes used with plural nouns in the expressions no less than (as in No less than 30 of his colleagues signed the letter) and or less.”
The idiomatic usage in place of the rule is supported by Theodore M. Bernstein in The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage in which he states that the whole must be considered, not merely the sum of its parts: “For instance: ‘Not many of these buildings are fewer than 30 years old.’ The thought here is not of individual years, but of a period of time; therefore, less. Another example: ‘Some professors earn fewer than $7,500 a year.’ Make it less. The thought is not of separate dollars but of a sum of money” (Bernstein, p184).
So, my classroom instructions were on the money (exactly right). But we don’t want to forget old Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, presently an acting doorstop. When we find the page we also discover that it upholds the traditional rule with one exception: “It is not accurate for all usage ... less refers to quantity or amount among things that are measured and to number among things that are counted. Our amended rule describes the actual usage of the past thousand years or so” (592).
It would appear that both our samples are correct and, as with much of our language, proper usage is in the eye, or mouth, of the beholder. Fewer may be the proper choice for an essay whereas less would work just fine for a supermarket checkout line. Even so, less is the more versatile of the two.
Depending on the usage, less can be three of the four parts of speech. As a noun: He received less than he anticipated; as an adjective: This Christmas I had less time to spend with friends; and as an adverb: She is less happy. Also, as a synonym of minus it can act as a preposition: Ten minus eight is two. But fewer can only be an adjective, we discovered, as it is the comparative form of few. Getting into the spirit of the thing, the playfulness of the language, one student said: ‘For parts of speech one can say that fewer has less but less is more!’ I like it, perhaps because according to Webster, a native speaker’s ear should be their guide in choosing the correct usage. But what of academic language? Webster’s has this to say:
“The OED shows that less has been used of countables since the time of King Alfred the Great ... more than a thousand years ago (in about 888). So essentially less has been used of countables in English for just about as long as there has been a written English language.
“After about 900 years, Robert Baker opined that fewer might be more elegant and proper. Almost every usage writer since Baker has followed Baker’s lead, and generations of English teachers have swelled the chorus. The result seems to be a fairly large number of people who now believe less used of countables to be wrong, though its standardness is easily demonstrated” (p593).
It would seem that we are less likely to see one term predominant than we are to see their continued usage as interchangeable and with no fewer contradictions than those of the past. I have encouraged my students to keep their eyes peeled for further examples of entanglement in English.
Steven Mooney is a lecturer at the Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
2010年11月23日 星期二
2010年11月13日 星期六
TEST 7 解答
想想看一：合併下列句子。（注意：合併時，有些原短句中的字會刪去；最好是將合併後的句子翻譯成中文看看是否通順。）
1. This store has many kinds of clothes. Some kinds are on sale.
Some kinds of the clothes in this store are on sale.
2. There are many boys in the garden. One boy wears a yellow jacket.
One of the boys in the garden wears a yellow jacket.
3. Jack has some rabbits. This is Jack's rabbit.
This is one of Jack's rabbits.
4. Mr. Green has only two sons. They are both doctors.
Both of Mr. Green's sons are doctors.
5. There are many trees in the park. All the trees are tall.
All of the trees in the park are tall.
6. I have many friends here. Tomorrow I will visit a friend here.
Tomorrow I will visit one of my friends here.
想想看二：試依上述的表達方式，翻譯下列各句。（注意中英對照問題，因為那才是你常犯錯的原因。）
1. 他的一些同學明年不讀英語了。
Some of his classmates won't study English next year.
2. 林小姐買了王先生的一部車子。
Ms./Miss Lin bought one of Mr. Wang's cars.
3. 大部分的學生都很用功。
Most students study (very) hard.或 Most students work (very) hard.
4. 動物園中有很多動物生病了。
Many of the animals in the zoo get sick.
5. 請不要吃桌上的任何一粒蘋果。
Please don't eat any of the apples on the table.
6. 你班上有幾個學生今天沒來。
Several of the students in your class don't come to school today.
[ 回 one/both/some/most/all ... of 的用法 ]
... too ... to ... 的用法：
想想看一：歸納上述三句，可否說出在 too 後面所接綠色的字是什麼詞？
形容詞。
想想看二：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. 這部車太舊了，以致於不能開了。
The/This car is too old to drive.
2. 我的夾克太小了，以致於不能再穿了。
My jacket is too small to wear any more.
3. 他實在是太驚訝了，以致於無法相信它。
He is too surprised to believe it.
4. 這次考試對我來說太難了，所以我考不好。
This/The test is too hard for me to get good grades/marks.
5. 台北對我們來說太大了，以致於無法找到他。
Taipei is too big/large for us to find him.
[ 回... too ... to ... 的用法 ]
分詞當形容詞用：
想想看一：依上面兩個「現在分詞」、「過去分詞」對照表中，你是否看出，在左邊欄的現在分詞中文裡，都有哪些共同的字？
令人感到
想想看二：在右邊的過去分詞欄裡，中文字都有哪些共同的字？
感到
想想看三：在這類字的「動詞」用法中，對照中文意思，都會有哪些字出現？
使 ... 感到
想想看四：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
B
C
A
B
C
A
想想看五：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
A
C
C
D
B
想想看六：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
A
A
D
C
B
C
D
想想看七：再來一篇綜合練習，看看你是否能綜合應用？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
A
D
C
D
B
B
A
想想看八：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. Allen昨天開了一場令人驚奇的派對。
Allen had a surprising party yesterday.
2. 你兒子對於這張照片，一點都沒興趣。
Your son is/was not interested in the picture/photo at all.
3. 為那場考試讀書，並不是件令人疲累的事。
Studying/Preparing for the test is not tiring.
4. Paul 的父母對於他的英語成績感到很驚訝嗎？
Are/Were Paul's parents surprised at his English grades?
5. 在看完了那場緊張刺激的棒球賽之後，他感到很興奮。
He was/is/feels/felt excited after he watched the exciting baseball game.
**
標題句：English interests me. The rules are so confusing.
I am interested in the game.
結 構：情緒動詞及情緒形容詞(原形動詞、過去分詞、現在分詞)
第一部分：請依據上、下文意，選出最合適的答案。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B B A A A B C
11 12 13 14 15 16
C C A B C A
試題解析：
1. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Playing video games)，所以用單數動詞，形容事物的特質所以選 -ing的型式。
2. 修飾主詞 Steve，所以用 -ed 的型式。
3. 修飾後面的名詞 game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾後面的名詞 fans，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 the one = 前面所提到的 picture ，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，多半用來形容事物的特質，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。Brown 先生總是說笑話，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
7. 修飾後面的名詞 day，所以用 -ing 的型式。
8. 修飾前面的名詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 修飾主詞 Mrs. Wu and my classmates，所以用 -ed 的型式。
10. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 The movie，所以動詞 interests，須用單數。
11. 修飾主詞 We，所以用 -ed的型式。
12. 前面提到 boring，所以相反詞為 interesting。
13. 修飾主詞 The book，所以用 -ing 的型式。
14. 前半為修飾後面的名詞 subjects，所以用 -ing 的型式；後半修飾後面的名詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. 文中提到我只想要睡覺，所以選累了 (tired)。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 news，所以用 -ing的型式。
第二部分：從下列各組所提示的字詞，依上、下文意，填入適當的「情緒動詞及情緒形容詞」，必要時做適當變化，以完成句子。
1 2 3 4 5
interested interesting interesting interested interesting
6 7 8 9 10
interested interests boring bored bored
11 12 13 14 15
boring surprising surprised surprised surprised
16 17 18 19 20
surprising excited exciting exciting excites
21 22 23 24 25
tiring tired tires tired tiring
26 27 28 29 30
tired confused confused confuses confused
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
2. 修飾後面的名詞 hobby，所以用 -ing 的型式)。
3. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。George 總是說有趣的故事，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾主詞 John，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
7. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 a subject，所以動詞 interests 須用單數。
8. 修飾主詞 Comic books，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 這部電影令我感到厭煩，主詞為 This movie 動詞 bored 須用過去式，因為後面動詞為過去式 (fell)。
10. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
11. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 He 他總是談論過去，令人感到厭煩，所以用 -ing 的型式。
12. 修飾主詞 news，所以用 -ing 的型式。
13. 修飾主詞 we，所以用 -ed 的型式。
14. 修飾主詞 she，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. Tom 的朋友令他感到驚訝，這裡需要的是動詞，後面有提到 had 所以用過去式。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 things，所以用 -ing 的型式。
17. 修飾主詞 they，所以用 -ed 的型式。
18. 修飾主詞 the baseball game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
19. 修飾後面的名詞 movie，所以用 -ing 的型式。
20. 搬新家令我們感到興奮，主詞為 moving into a new place，所以動詞 excites 須用單數。
21. 主詞為動名詞片語 (going mountain climbing)，形容事物的特質，所以選 -ing 的型式。
22. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
23. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Having the same food)，這裡需要的是動詞，tires 需用單數。
24. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
25. 修飾後面的名詞 job，所以用 -ing 的型式。
26. 修飾主詞 many students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
27. 修飾主詞 they(=many students)，所以用 -ed 的型式。
28. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
29. 某事令 Joe 感到困擾，這裡需要的是動詞 confuses，須用單數。
30. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
第三部分：請依文意，由以下所提示的的動詞中，改成正確的形式填入空格裡。
1 2 3 4
interested interesting exercites satisfied
5 6 7
satisfying boring tired
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 Peter 後跟介係詞 in 所以用 interested。
2. 修飾主詞 math 所以用 interesting。
3. What 當主詞，這裡需要的是動詞 excites 須用單數。
4. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾後面的名詞 answers，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 English，所以用 boring。
7. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 tired。
第四部份：依例子改寫句子。
1. (1) The games were exciting to the boys.
(2) The boys were excited about the games.
2. (1) Painting is interesting to Linda.
(2) Linda is interested in painting.
3. (1) The party was surprising to Jenny.
(2) Jenny was surprised at the party.
4. (1) The TV program is boring to everyone.
(2) Everyone is bored with the TV program.
5. (1) Washing the car was tiring to my father.
(2) My father was tired of washing the car.
試題解析：
1~5 的句型變化如下：
S (多以事物為主) + 情緒 V + O (多以人為主)
→ S (多為事物) + be + 情緒現在分詞 (-ing) + to 人（受格)
→ S (多為人) + be + 情緒過去分詞 (-ed) + 介係詞 + O (多以事物為主)
＊ be動詞隨情緒動詞的時態而變化。
第五部份：翻譯填空。
1. 我以前對逛街很有興趣，但現在它對我已不再有趣了。
I was very interested in shopping, but now it doesn't interest me anymore.
2. A: 當你到國外旅行時，什麼最令你感到困擾？
B: 溝通。
A: What troubles you most when you travel abroad?
B: Communicating.
3. 世界上，很多新奇的事物每天都發生。
In the world, many new and surprising things happen every day.
4. 人們對一件事感興趣，而不久又很容易對它感到厭煩。
People become interested in a certain thing and soon get bored with it easily.
5. A: 你覺得這部電影如何？
B: 很令人驚訝和興奮，裡面有很多的特效。
A: How do you feel about the movie?
B: It's surprising and exciting. There are many special effects in it.
1. This store has many kinds of clothes. Some kinds are on sale.
Some kinds of the clothes in this store are on sale.
2. There are many boys in the garden. One boy wears a yellow jacket.
One of the boys in the garden wears a yellow jacket.
3. Jack has some rabbits. This is Jack's rabbit.
This is one of Jack's rabbits.
4. Mr. Green has only two sons. They are both doctors.
Both of Mr. Green's sons are doctors.
5. There are many trees in the park. All the trees are tall.
All of the trees in the park are tall.
6. I have many friends here. Tomorrow I will visit a friend here.
Tomorrow I will visit one of my friends here.
想想看二：試依上述的表達方式，翻譯下列各句。（注意中英對照問題，因為那才是你常犯錯的原因。）
1. 他的一些同學明年不讀英語了。
Some of his classmates won't study English next year.
2. 林小姐買了王先生的一部車子。
Ms./Miss Lin bought one of Mr. Wang's cars.
3. 大部分的學生都很用功。
Most students study (very) hard.或 Most students work (very) hard.
4. 動物園中有很多動物生病了。
Many of the animals in the zoo get sick.
5. 請不要吃桌上的任何一粒蘋果。
Please don't eat any of the apples on the table.
6. 你班上有幾個學生今天沒來。
Several of the students in your class don't come to school today.
[ 回 one/both/some/most/all ... of 的用法 ]
... too ... to ... 的用法：
想想看一：歸納上述三句，可否說出在 too 後面所接綠色的字是什麼詞？
形容詞。
想想看二：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. 這部車太舊了，以致於不能開了。
The/This car is too old to drive.
2. 我的夾克太小了，以致於不能再穿了。
My jacket is too small to wear any more.
3. 他實在是太驚訝了，以致於無法相信它。
He is too surprised to believe it.
4. 這次考試對我來說太難了，所以我考不好。
This/The test is too hard for me to get good grades/marks.
5. 台北對我們來說太大了，以致於無法找到他。
Taipei is too big/large for us to find him.
[ 回... too ... to ... 的用法 ]
分詞當形容詞用：
想想看一：依上面兩個「現在分詞」、「過去分詞」對照表中，你是否看出，在左邊欄的現在分詞中文裡，都有哪些共同的字？
令人感到
想想看二：在右邊的過去分詞欄裡，中文字都有哪些共同的字？
感到
想想看三：在這類字的「動詞」用法中，對照中文意思，都會有哪些字出現？
使 ... 感到
想想看四：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
B
C
A
B
C
A
想想看五：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
A
C
C
D
B
想想看六：請依上、下文意，選出最適當的答案。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
B
A
A
D
C
B
C
D
想想看七：再來一篇綜合練習，看看你是否能綜合應用？
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
B
C
A
D
C
D
B
B
A
想想看八：試著將下列各句翻譯成英文。
1. Allen昨天開了一場令人驚奇的派對。
Allen had a surprising party yesterday.
2. 你兒子對於這張照片，一點都沒興趣。
Your son is/was not interested in the picture/photo at all.
3. 為那場考試讀書，並不是件令人疲累的事。
Studying/Preparing for the test is not tiring.
4. Paul 的父母對於他的英語成績感到很驚訝嗎？
Are/Were Paul's parents surprised at his English grades?
5. 在看完了那場緊張刺激的棒球賽之後，他感到很興奮。
He was/is/feels/felt excited after he watched the exciting baseball game.
**
標題句：English interests me. The rules are so confusing.
I am interested in the game.
結 構：情緒動詞及情緒形容詞(原形動詞、過去分詞、現在分詞)
第一部分：請依據上、下文意，選出最合適的答案。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A B B A A A B C
11 12 13 14 15 16
C C A B C A
試題解析：
1. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Playing video games)，所以用單數動詞，形容事物的特質所以選 -ing的型式。
2. 修飾主詞 Steve，所以用 -ed 的型式。
3. 修飾後面的名詞 game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾後面的名詞 fans，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 the one = 前面所提到的 picture ，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，多半用來形容事物的特質，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。Brown 先生總是說笑話，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
7. 修飾後面的名詞 day，所以用 -ing 的型式。
8. 修飾前面的名詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 修飾主詞 Mrs. Wu and my classmates，所以用 -ed 的型式。
10. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 The movie，所以動詞 interests，須用單數。
11. 修飾主詞 We，所以用 -ed的型式。
12. 前面提到 boring，所以相反詞為 interesting。
13. 修飾主詞 The book，所以用 -ing 的型式。
14. 前半為修飾後面的名詞 subjects，所以用 -ing 的型式；後半修飾後面的名詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. 文中提到我只想要睡覺，所以選累了 (tired)。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 news，所以用 -ing的型式。
第二部分：從下列各組所提示的字詞，依上、下文意，填入適當的「情緒動詞及情緒形容詞」，必要時做適當變化，以完成句子。
1 2 3 4 5
interested interesting interesting interested interesting
6 7 8 9 10
interested interests boring bored bored
11 12 13 14 15
boring surprising surprised surprised surprised
16 17 18 19 20
surprising excited exciting exciting excites
21 22 23 24 25
tiring tired tires tired tiring
26 27 28 29 30
tired confused confused confuses confused
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
2. 修飾後面的名詞 hobby，所以用 -ing 的型式)。
3. 當情緒現在分詞 (-ing) 當作形容詞時，中文翻為「令人…的」，但有時也會用來形容人的個性。George 總是說有趣的故事，所以他是令人感到有趣的，用 -ing 的型式。
4. 修飾主詞 John，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾主詞 it，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
7. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 a subject，所以動詞 interests 須用單數。
8. 修飾主詞 Comic books，所以用 -ing 的型式。
9. 這部電影令我感到厭煩，主詞為 This movie 動詞 bored 須用過去式，因為後面動詞為過去式 (fell)。
10. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
11. 事物令人有‧‧‧情緒，主詞為 He 他總是談論過去，令人感到厭煩，所以用 -ing 的型式。
12. 修飾主詞 news，所以用 -ing 的型式。
13. 修飾主詞 we，所以用 -ed 的型式。
14. 修飾主詞 she，所以用 -ed 的型式。
15. Tom 的朋友令他感到驚訝，這裡需要的是動詞，後面有提到 had 所以用過去式。
16. 修飾後面的名詞 things，所以用 -ing 的型式。
17. 修飾主詞 they，所以用 -ed 的型式。
18. 修飾主詞 the baseball game，所以用 -ing 的型式。
19. 修飾後面的名詞 movie，所以用 -ing 的型式。
20. 搬新家令我們感到興奮，主詞為 moving into a new place，所以動詞 excites 須用單數。
21. 主詞為動名詞片語 (going mountain climbing)，形容事物的特質，所以選 -ing 的型式。
22. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
23. 主詞為動名詞片語 (Having the same food)，這裡需要的是動詞，tires 需用單數。
24. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
25. 修飾後面的名詞 job，所以用 -ing 的型式。
26. 修飾主詞 many students，所以用 -ed 的型式。
27. 修飾主詞 they(=many students)，所以用 -ed 的型式。
28. 修飾主詞 you，所以用 -ed 的型式。
29. 某事令 Joe 感到困擾，這裡需要的是動詞 confuses，須用單數。
30. 修飾主詞 I，所以用 -ed 的型式。
第三部分：請依文意，由以下所提示的的動詞中，改成正確的形式填入空格裡。
1 2 3 4
interested interesting exercites satisfied
5 6 7
satisfying boring tired
試題解析：
1. 修飾主詞 Peter 後跟介係詞 in 所以用 interested。
2. 修飾主詞 math 所以用 interesting。
3. What 當主詞，這裡需要的是動詞 excites 須用單數。
4. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 -ed 的型式。
5. 修飾後面的名詞 answers，所以用 -ing 的型式。
6. 修飾主詞 English，所以用 boring。
7. 修飾主詞 He，所以用 tired。
第四部份：依例子改寫句子。
1. (1) The games were exciting to the boys.
(2) The boys were excited about the games.
2. (1) Painting is interesting to Linda.
(2) Linda is interested in painting.
3. (1) The party was surprising to Jenny.
(2) Jenny was surprised at the party.
4. (1) The TV program is boring to everyone.
(2) Everyone is bored with the TV program.
5. (1) Washing the car was tiring to my father.
(2) My father was tired of washing the car.
試題解析：
1~5 的句型變化如下：
S (多以事物為主) + 情緒 V + O (多以人為主)
→ S (多為事物) + be + 情緒現在分詞 (-ing) + to 人（受格)
→ S (多為人) + be + 情緒過去分詞 (-ed) + 介係詞 + O (多以事物為主)
＊ be動詞隨情緒動詞的時態而變化。
第五部份：翻譯填空。
1. 我以前對逛街很有興趣，但現在它對我已不再有趣了。
I was very interested in shopping, but now it doesn't interest me anymore.
2. A: 當你到國外旅行時，什麼最令你感到困擾？
B: 溝通。
A: What troubles you most when you travel abroad?
B: Communicating.
3. 世界上，很多新奇的事物每天都發生。
In the world, many new and surprising things happen every day.
4. 人們對一件事感興趣，而不久又很容易對它感到厭煩。
People become interested in a certain thing and soon get bored with it easily.
5. A: 你覺得這部電影如何？
B: 很令人驚訝和興奮，裡面有很多的特效。
A: How do you feel about the movie?
B: It's surprising and exciting. There are many special effects in it.
test 1
【練習】請將下列句子依提示改為間接問句。
1. Where do you live? (Does your friend know......)
2. When was the bicycle stolen? (The owner has no idea..... )
3. Is there a restaurant in this area? (Could you tell me if ...... )
4. How often is he late for work? (The boss wonders ..... )
5. Which book did you buy at the bookstore? (May I know ...... )
回答:
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
1. When does flight 673 arrive?
It seems like a lot of flights are delayed today.
I wonder when ……………………………………..
2 Where is 5th street ?
I'm new to this city and I'm lost. Can you tell me where ……………………….. ?
3. Where is the subway station?
New York is such a big city.
Do you happen to know where …………………………………….. ?
4. Where is Kevin today?
I don't know where ……………………………… . He wasn't here yesterday either.
5. Where is Laurie ?
Have you any idea where …………………….? I've been looking for her all morning.
6. When does Carrie usually arrive?
We have an urgent meeting this morning.
Do you know when ……………………………………………………….?
7. Could you show me the way to the bus station?
I don't know my way around yet.
Do you think you could show me the way to the bus station?
8：Why didn't he go?
間接：I don't know why …………………………………….
9 Where did he go?
Amy asked me where ……………………….
1. Who built that enormous bridge? (I wonder...)
2. What's Brazil like? (I want to find out...)
3. Did Benjamin Franklin write 'Poor Richard's Almanac'? (I can't remember ....)
4. How do you do it? (Can you tell me ...)
5. Who did you meet at the party? (I'd like to know ...)
6. How long have you been waiting for me? (I wonder ...)
7. What happened to them? (Nobody cares ...)
8. How important is that meeting to the company? (Can you tell me ...)
9. When was the film produced? (Nobody remembers ...)
10. Have they flown an ultralight too? (I don't know ...)
11. What is it called in English? (I can't remember ....)
12. Should people be allowed to smoke in public places? (I'd like to know ....)
Q1 - I have no idea ____.
where she's
where she is
where is she
Q2 - Could you tell me ____ gone?
where she's
where is she
where has she
Q3 - I asked them where ____ going.
were they
they were
Q4 - Can you tell me how much ____ cost?
will it
it will
Q5 - Do you have any idea how long ____ me to do it?
did it take
it took
took it
Q6 - Has she told you whether ____ help?
will she
she will
Q7 - Can you explain why ____ so expensive?
is it
it's
Q8 - She asked me where ____ from.
do I come
come I
I come
Q9 - I was wondering why ____ take the train; it'll be quicker.
don't we
we don't
Q10 - Can you remember _____?
what did she say
what she said
Q: Where do you live?
Do you know where do you live?
Could you tell me where you live?
Pardon me, I wonder if you live here
Q: When was the building constructed?
I wonder when the building was constructed.
Could you tell me when was the building constructed?
Do you know if the building was constructed
Q: Is there a bank near here?
Could you tell me where the bank is near here?
I wonder where is the bank.
Excuse me, do you know if there is a bank near here?
Q: How often does he arrive late for work?
I was wondering how often he arrives late for work
Do you happen to know how often he does arrive late for work?
I don't know if he arrives late for work.
Q: What type of car have you got?
I wonder what type of car have you got.
Can you tell me what type of car you've got?
Would you mind telling me if you've got a car?
Q: How much time do you spend watching TV?
Could you tell me how much time are you watching TV?
Do you know how much time you do spend watching TV?
I wonder how much time you spend watching TV.
Which football team do you support?
Would you mind telling me which football team you support?
I wonder which football team you supports.
Can you tell me which football team you do support?
When are you going to finish the project?
I have no idea when are you going to finish the project.
I'm not sure when you are going to finish the project.
Can you tell me if you are going to finish the project?
What time is it?
Pardon me, what time it is?
Pardon me, could you tell me what time it is?
Would you mind telling me what the time it is?
How old is John?
I have no idea how old is John.
Do you know when John born was?
I wonder how old John is
When did you move here?
I wonder when you did move here.
Could you tell me when you moved here?
Would you mind telling me if you moved her
Who should I speak to about this problem?
I have no idea who should I speak to about this problem.
Can you tell me where I should speak to about this problem?
Do you know who I should speak to about this problem?
Why do I have to arrive so early?
I wonder why I have to arrive so early.
I have no idea why have I to arrive so early.
I don't know why I do have to arrive early.
What will he need?
Do you know what will he need?
I have no idea what he will need.
Could you tell me what he need
: Does he allow the students to take breaks?
Do you know if he allows the students to take breaks?
I don't know when he allows students to take breaks.
Can you tell me if does he allow students to take breaks?
Are you married?
Excuse me, you are married?
Could you tell me if you are married?
I don't know if you are married
Q: How often do you visit your parents?
Would you mind telling me how often you visit your parents?
I wonder how often do you visit your parents.
I wonder if you visit your parents
1. Where do you live? (Does your friend know......)
2. When was the bicycle stolen? (The owner has no idea..... )
3. Is there a restaurant in this area? (Could you tell me if ...... )
4. How often is he late for work? (The boss wonders ..... )
5. Which book did you buy at the bookstore? (May I know ...... )
回答:
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
1. When does flight 673 arrive?
It seems like a lot of flights are delayed today.
I wonder when ……………………………………..
2 Where is 5th street ?
I'm new to this city and I'm lost. Can you tell me where ……………………….. ?
3. Where is the subway station?
New York is such a big city.
Do you happen to know where …………………………………….. ?
4. Where is Kevin today?
I don't know where ……………………………… . He wasn't here yesterday either.
5. Where is Laurie ?
Have you any idea where …………………….? I've been looking for her all morning.
6. When does Carrie usually arrive?
We have an urgent meeting this morning.
Do you know when ……………………………………………………….?
7. Could you show me the way to the bus station?
I don't know my way around yet.
Do you think you could show me the way to the bus station?
8：Why didn't he go?
間接：I don't know why …………………………………….
9 Where did he go?
Amy asked me where ……………………….
1. Who built that enormous bridge? (I wonder...)
2. What's Brazil like? (I want to find out...)
3. Did Benjamin Franklin write 'Poor Richard's Almanac'? (I can't remember ....)
4. How do you do it? (Can you tell me ...)
5. Who did you meet at the party? (I'd like to know ...)
6. How long have you been waiting for me? (I wonder ...)
7. What happened to them? (Nobody cares ...)
8. How important is that meeting to the company? (Can you tell me ...)
9. When was the film produced? (Nobody remembers ...)
10. Have they flown an ultralight too? (I don't know ...)
11. What is it called in English? (I can't remember ....)
12. Should people be allowed to smoke in public places? (I'd like to know ....)
Q1 - I have no idea ____.
where she's
where she is
where is she
Q2 - Could you tell me ____ gone?
where she's
where is she
where has she
Q3 - I asked them where ____ going.
were they
they were
Q4 - Can you tell me how much ____ cost?
will it
it will
Q5 - Do you have any idea how long ____ me to do it?
did it take
it took
took it
Q6 - Has she told you whether ____ help?
will she
she will
Q7 - Can you explain why ____ so expensive?
is it
it's
Q8 - She asked me where ____ from.
do I come
come I
I come
Q9 - I was wondering why ____ take the train; it'll be quicker.
don't we
we don't
Q10 - Can you remember _____?
what did she say
what she said
Q: Where do you live?
Do you know where do you live?
Could you tell me where you live?
Pardon me, I wonder if you live here
Q: When was the building constructed?
I wonder when the building was constructed.
Could you tell me when was the building constructed?
Do you know if the building was constructed
Q: Is there a bank near here?
Could you tell me where the bank is near here?
I wonder where is the bank.
Excuse me, do you know if there is a bank near here?
Q: How often does he arrive late for work?
I was wondering how often he arrives late for work
Do you happen to know how often he does arrive late for work?
I don't know if he arrives late for work.
Q: What type of car have you got?
I wonder what type of car have you got.
Can you tell me what type of car you've got?
Would you mind telling me if you've got a car?
Q: How much time do you spend watching TV?
Could you tell me how much time are you watching TV?
Do you know how much time you do spend watching TV?
I wonder how much time you spend watching TV.
Which football team do you support?
Would you mind telling me which football team you support?
I wonder which football team you supports.
Can you tell me which football team you do support?
When are you going to finish the project?
I have no idea when are you going to finish the project.
I'm not sure when you are going to finish the project.
Can you tell me if you are going to finish the project?
What time is it?
Pardon me, what time it is?
Pardon me, could you tell me what time it is?
Would you mind telling me what the time it is?
How old is John?
I have no idea how old is John.
Do you know when John born was?
I wonder how old John is
When did you move here?
I wonder when you did move here.
Could you tell me when you moved here?
Would you mind telling me if you moved her
Who should I speak to about this problem?
I have no idea who should I speak to about this problem.
Can you tell me where I should speak to about this problem?
Do you know who I should speak to about this problem?
Why do I have to arrive so early?
I wonder why I have to arrive so early.
I have no idea why have I to arrive so early.
I don't know why I do have to arrive early.
What will he need?
Do you know what will he need?
I have no idea what he will need.
Could you tell me what he need
: Does he allow the students to take breaks?
Do you know if he allows the students to take breaks?
I don't know when he allows students to take breaks.
Can you tell me if does he allow students to take breaks?
Are you married?
Excuse me, you are married?
Could you tell me if you are married?
I don't know if you are married
Q: How often do you visit your parents?
Would you mind telling me how often you visit your parents?
I wonder how often do you visit your parents.
I wonder if you visit your parents
關代的考題
關代的考題
1. ( ) Tracy and Jamie are the girls who
a) Help clean the garden every day b) keeps several cats
c) is good at sining d) knows a lot about lizards
2 ( ) The gods ____ can swim very well.
a) that are sleepng on the sofa b) who has a baby
b) has big eyes. D) which eats lunch with us
3 ( ) The car _____ is very expensive.
a) That have two doors b) is owned by Mr. Bond
b) Who has bright lights d) which can run verry fast
4 ( ) I don’t know the student _____.
a) Is speaking in front of the class b) who has long hair.
b) Which talks to Miss Yang d) that play tennis there.
5 ( ) The car ____ I bought last week is very expensive.
a) Who b) what c) whose d) which
6( ) Do you know the woman ___ a black dress over there? She is so beautiful.
a) With b) who c) that d) in
7( ) I like the camera ___ you bought last week. Can I use it today?
a) That b) who c) where d) what
8 ( ) The girl ___ has big eyes is my sister.
a) That b) what c) where d) which
9 ( ) The girl ___ is my cousin.
a) Which is under the tree. B) who speak tomy teacher
b) That who are dancing over there d) who is standing at the door.
10( ) The boys ___ lizards ___ my students.
a) That like; is b) who like; are c) that likes; is d) who likes; are
11 ( ) ___ who has long hair.
a) I know the girls b) I know. C) Do you know d) I know the girl
12 ( ) I like to watch the birds ____ sing every morning in the tree.
a) Who b) when c) what d) that
13 ( ) I met a man from the UK ____ lived here for ten years.
a) That b) which 3) when d) where
14 ( ) Peter, do you know the girl ____ a beautiful pnk dress over there?
a) Wears b ) is wearing c) on d) in
15 ( ) I believe Dr. Chou is the one ____ can answer your question.
a) Which b) when c) who d) how
填入適當的關係代名詞 ( 如果一題有多個答案, 請全寫出來)
1. This is the most beautiful music ____ I have ever heard.
2. They are animals __________ have four short legs and a long tail.
3. I have the same dress ________ Linda often wears.
4. We saw a man and a horse ____ were walking across the river.
5. My brother, ____ has gone to America for ten years, will come back tomorrow.
6. The girl ______ is wearing sunglasses drives very fast .
7. The house _____ roof is red is the Wang’s.
8. I like the restaurant in _____ I had dinner with my boyfriend last night.
9. Yesterday Mom visited the teacher about _____ we talked.
10. The story ____ was written by Mark Twain is very funny.
11. He is the richest man ___ I know.
12. I have the same trouble ___ you have.
13. Who is the woman _____ you met yesterday?
14. He is the last person _____ I want to see now.
15. The boy and the dog _____ play in the park every day seem to get along well.
16. He is the only one ______ can answer this question.
17. I still remember every thing _____ my father told me.
18. The is the same PDA ______ I lost yesterday.
19. There's just no one ____ gets me like you do.
20. Helen is th most talented singer _____ I have eer seen.
21. It is generally believed that human beings are the only creatre ____ can speak and think.
22. This is the same PDA _____I lost yesterday.
23. Do you know the man ______ father won the first prize last week ?
24. I know every student _____ ran on the playground yesterday.
25. I have a brother, _______ is the fastest runner in school.
26. Jack is the last man _____ I want to work with.
27. God help those _____ help themselves.
28. People ____ who are driving shouldn’t talk on the cell phone.
29. He is the only one ____ can answer the question.
30. During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum _____ Cindy recommended
31. Joy is the most popular singer ____ young people imitate today.
32. I share with her _____ I have.
33. The chair ___ I’m sitting on is comfortable.
34. Mr. Lin, ____ is kind to me, is my coworker.
35. Have you seen the latest comic book ___ we are all interested in ?
36. Henry is the only one of th emen ___ is interested in playing tennis.
37. Lisa is one of the girls _____ like to show off.
38. The college _____ I have studied is famous in Taiwan.
39. The girl and her dogs ______ are playing in the park now were on TV last night !
40. Look ! The boy ___ hair is long is my brother.
41. It’s said that girls _____ are in love are often shy.
42. It’s the same movie ____ we talked about last weekend.
43. Sherry’s brother, ______ works in America, is very handsome.
44. That is the house ____ belongs to him.
45. You may take _____ you like
46. Who is the kind _____ broke the window?
47. Which is the color ______ you like the best?
48 The person ____ teches us English is Miss Chen.
48. She likes to make friends ______ are always polite to people.
49. I like the gentleman with _____ I danced last night.
50. The students have finished _____ the teacher asked them to do.
51. The girl of ___ we spoke is a famous singer.
52. Who took away the book ____ cover is black and white?
53. The best movie ___ I have ever seen is Harry Potter.
54. This is the beautiful house ____ the movie star Tom Cruise Lives.
55. Johnson is the last student ___ lefe the classrom after class yesterday.
56. Dad bought a very expensive bicycle _____ costs NT$20,000.
57. David likes the girl ___ has big eyes and long hair.
58. All ___ we can do is study all day.
用關代合併句子
1. The gas station is across from the movie theater.
The gas station is filled with people.
2. Amy has a boyfriend. Amy’s boyfriend comes from Germany.
3. The boy is handsome. He speaks good English.
4. The woman bought a big house last year. The woman has worked for ten years.
5. The bookstore is having a sale on Christmas Day.
It was opened last week.
6. The tickets to Jay’s concert have been sold for one week.
The tickets to Jay’s concert are all sold out.
7. Jack is a person. He likes to help his classmates with their math homework.
8. The movie is very popular. The movie is about cheerleaders.
9. Grace is talking to the lady. The lady runs a convenience storyy in Grace’s neightborhood.
10. The house cost nine million dollars. The house has a beautiful garden.
11. The man is Mr. Williams. The man was talking to Mrs. White.
12. George bought a storybook. The storybook talks about ghosts.
13. These people were police officers. They visited us last night.
14. The house is my mother’s. It has a beautiful garden.
15. The writer doesn’t know much about Taiwan.
She comes from New York.
16. They built a factory. They factory made bicycle.
17. The letter was written in English.
I got it this morning.
18. Do you know the girl?
My brother is talking to her now.
19.. Alice is using the digital camera. May bought it two weeks ago.
20 The girl is interested in listening to music.
Tom went to the movie with her yesterday.
21. The woman is Sue’s aunt.
The woman has taught art for more than 30 years.
22. The TV program is about traveling.
John watched it every Friday.
23. Jenny likes the house.
John used to live in the house.
24. The boy can play basketball very well. Helen likes the boy.
25. Brian likes the house very much.
Brian’s father bought the house last month.
26. The movie was very exciting. I saw the movie last night.
27. The young lady is a famous writer. They are talking about her.
28. Here comes the bus. John takes the bus every day.
29. Tina is the student. The teacher likes her best.
30. Do you know the book? It tells us how to protect ourselves.
31. The cat is cute and smart. Jenny keeps it.
32. The girl is very beautiful. I met her in the library.
33. The businessman has made a lot of money..
He is talking to my father.
1. ( ) Tracy and Jamie are the girls who
a) Help clean the garden every day b) keeps several cats
c) is good at sining d) knows a lot about lizards
2 ( ) The gods ____ can swim very well.
a) that are sleepng on the sofa b) who has a baby
b) has big eyes. D) which eats lunch with us
3 ( ) The car _____ is very expensive.
a) That have two doors b) is owned by Mr. Bond
b) Who has bright lights d) which can run verry fast
4 ( ) I don’t know the student _____.
a) Is speaking in front of the class b) who has long hair.
b) Which talks to Miss Yang d) that play tennis there.
5 ( ) The car ____ I bought last week is very expensive.
a) Who b) what c) whose d) which
6( ) Do you know the woman ___ a black dress over there? She is so beautiful.
a) With b) who c) that d) in
7( ) I like the camera ___ you bought last week. Can I use it today?
a) That b) who c) where d) what
8 ( ) The girl ___ has big eyes is my sister.
a) That b) what c) where d) which
9 ( ) The girl ___ is my cousin.
a) Which is under the tree. B) who speak tomy teacher
b) That who are dancing over there d) who is standing at the door.
10( ) The boys ___ lizards ___ my students.
a) That like; is b) who like; are c) that likes; is d) who likes; are
11 ( ) ___ who has long hair.
a) I know the girls b) I know. C) Do you know d) I know the girl
12 ( ) I like to watch the birds ____ sing every morning in the tree.
a) Who b) when c) what d) that
13 ( ) I met a man from the UK ____ lived here for ten years.
a) That b) which 3) when d) where
14 ( ) Peter, do you know the girl ____ a beautiful pnk dress over there?
a) Wears b ) is wearing c) on d) in
15 ( ) I believe Dr. Chou is the one ____ can answer your question.
a) Which b) when c) who d) how
填入適當的關係代名詞 ( 如果一題有多個答案, 請全寫出來)
1. This is the most beautiful music ____ I have ever heard.
2. They are animals __________ have four short legs and a long tail.
3. I have the same dress ________ Linda often wears.
4. We saw a man and a horse ____ were walking across the river.
5. My brother, ____ has gone to America for ten years, will come back tomorrow.
6. The girl ______ is wearing sunglasses drives very fast .
7. The house _____ roof is red is the Wang’s.
8. I like the restaurant in _____ I had dinner with my boyfriend last night.
9. Yesterday Mom visited the teacher about _____ we talked.
10. The story ____ was written by Mark Twain is very funny.
11. He is the richest man ___ I know.
12. I have the same trouble ___ you have.
13. Who is the woman _____ you met yesterday?
14. He is the last person _____ I want to see now.
15. The boy and the dog _____ play in the park every day seem to get along well.
16. He is the only one ______ can answer this question.
17. I still remember every thing _____ my father told me.
18. The is the same PDA ______ I lost yesterday.
19. There's just no one ____ gets me like you do.
20. Helen is th most talented singer _____ I have eer seen.
21. It is generally believed that human beings are the only creatre ____ can speak and think.
22. This is the same PDA _____I lost yesterday.
23. Do you know the man ______ father won the first prize last week ?
24. I know every student _____ ran on the playground yesterday.
25. I have a brother, _______ is the fastest runner in school.
26. Jack is the last man _____ I want to work with.
27. God help those _____ help themselves.
28. People ____ who are driving shouldn’t talk on the cell phone.
29. He is the only one ____ can answer the question.
30. During our stay in Kyoto , we visited the very museum _____ Cindy recommended
31. Joy is the most popular singer ____ young people imitate today.
32. I share with her _____ I have.
33. The chair ___ I’m sitting on is comfortable.
34. Mr. Lin, ____ is kind to me, is my coworker.
35. Have you seen the latest comic book ___ we are all interested in ?
36. Henry is the only one of th emen ___ is interested in playing tennis.
37. Lisa is one of the girls _____ like to show off.
38. The college _____ I have studied is famous in Taiwan.
39. The girl and her dogs ______ are playing in the park now were on TV last night !
40. Look ! The boy ___ hair is long is my brother.
41. It’s said that girls _____ are in love are often shy.
42. It’s the same movie ____ we talked about last weekend.
43. Sherry’s brother, ______ works in America, is very handsome.
44. That is the house ____ belongs to him.
45. You may take _____ you like
46. Who is the kind _____ broke the window?
47. Which is the color ______ you like the best?
48 The person ____ teches us English is Miss Chen.
48. She likes to make friends ______ are always polite to people.
49. I like the gentleman with _____ I danced last night.
50. The students have finished _____ the teacher asked them to do.
51. The girl of ___ we spoke is a famous singer.
52. Who took away the book ____ cover is black and white?
53. The best movie ___ I have ever seen is Harry Potter.
54. This is the beautiful house ____ the movie star Tom Cruise Lives.
55. Johnson is the last student ___ lefe the classrom after class yesterday.
56. Dad bought a very expensive bicycle _____ costs NT$20,000.
57. David likes the girl ___ has big eyes and long hair.
58. All ___ we can do is study all day.
用關代合併句子
1. The gas station is across from the movie theater.
The gas station is filled with people.
2. Amy has a boyfriend. Amy’s boyfriend comes from Germany.
3. The boy is handsome. He speaks good English.
4. The woman bought a big house last year. The woman has worked for ten years.
5. The bookstore is having a sale on Christmas Day.
It was opened last week.
6. The tickets to Jay’s concert have been sold for one week.
The tickets to Jay’s concert are all sold out.
7. Jack is a person. He likes to help his classmates with their math homework.
8. The movie is very popular. The movie is about cheerleaders.
9. Grace is talking to the lady. The lady runs a convenience storyy in Grace’s neightborhood.
10. The house cost nine million dollars. The house has a beautiful garden.
11. The man is Mr. Williams. The man was talking to Mrs. White.
12. George bought a storybook. The storybook talks about ghosts.
13. These people were police officers. They visited us last night.
14. The house is my mother’s. It has a beautiful garden.
15. The writer doesn’t know much about Taiwan.
She comes from New York.
16. They built a factory. They factory made bicycle.
17. The letter was written in English.
I got it this morning.
18. Do you know the girl?
My brother is talking to her now.
19.. Alice is using the digital camera. May bought it two weeks ago.
20 The girl is interested in listening to music.
Tom went to the movie with her yesterday.
21. The woman is Sue’s aunt.
The woman has taught art for more than 30 years.
22. The TV program is about traveling.
John watched it every Friday.
23. Jenny likes the house.
John used to live in the house.
24. The boy can play basketball very well. Helen likes the boy.
25. Brian likes the house very much.
Brian’s father bought the house last month.
26. The movie was very exciting. I saw the movie last night.
27. The young lady is a famous writer. They are talking about her.
28. Here comes the bus. John takes the bus every day.
29. Tina is the student. The teacher likes her best.
30. Do you know the book? It tells us how to protect ourselves.
31. The cat is cute and smart. Jenny keeps it.
32. The girl is very beautiful. I met her in the library.
33. The businessman has made a lot of money..
He is talking to my father.
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